nfs chapter 9

Visceral fatness (apple shape)

fat that lies in the abdominal are

Subcutaneous fatness (pear shape)

fat stored directly under the skin

Basal metabolism

amount of energy required to carry out involuntary activities necessary to sustain life

Ghrelin

a hormone secreted by the stomach that signals the hypothalamus to feel hungry

Leptin

a hormone produced in the fat cells that suppress appetite

Appetite

the psychological desire to eat

Hunger

the psychological need to eat, a drive for getting food

A learned motivation for food is called...

appetite

Satiety

feeling full after eating

Energy density

a measure of the energy a food provides relative to the weight of the food (cals/gram)

Nutrient density

a measure of nutrients provided per calorie of food

Nutrient dense

foods with needed nutrients and low calories

Set point theory

the theory that the body tends to maintain a certain weight overtime, keeping you from losing weight from diets

Waist circumference

a measurement of abdominal girth that indicates visceral fatness

Why are fad diets unsuccessful in the long term?

unrealistic and difficult to follow long term

Central obesity is a risk of what type of fatness?

visceral (apple shape)

Major chronic disease is a risk of what type of fatness?

visceral (apple shape)

What factors affect EER(estimated energy requirements)?

age, gender, weight, physical activity, and growth

What are the categories of BMI?

weight and height

What is a limitation of BMI?

can't detect the amount or location of fat

Bulimia

binge eating followed by vomiting

What disorder is more common in women?

bulimia

Anorexia

starving yourself

What social class tends to have anorexia?

upper-middle class

What disorder is more common in teenage girls

anorexia

Binge eating

over eating

What is the most common eating disorder?

binge eating disorder

Which eating disorder responds well to treatment?

binge eating disorder

How does age affect EER(estimated energy requirements)?

older people need less than younger people

How does fiber effect satiety?

fiber increases satiety

How does the body store excess energy from protein?

glucose and fat

How does the body store excess energy from carbs?

glycogen and fat

What percent of adults in the U.S are overweight?

69%

Who has seen a decrease in obesity?

low income children, women, and girls

BMI for underweight

less than 18.5

BMI for overweight

25-30

BMI for obese

greater then or equal to 30

BMI for extremely obese

greater than 40

How do you determine fatness?

BMI, waist circumference, and disease risk profile

Energy in

foods and beverages

Energy out

lifestyle and metabolism

How do you measure body composition?

waist circumference, skin fold test, and dual energy x-ray

Female athlete triad

eating disorder, amenorrhea, osteoporosis

Ketosis

breakdown of fat