PRAXIS 7004 Social Studies

What were the cons of European Exploration?

diseases, violence, loss of land and resources, weakened indigenous communities

What were the motives of European Exploration for each nation?

Spanish- Gold, NW passage

French- spread religion, NW passage

England- colonize, NW passage

Northwest Passage

a sought-after shortcut for European trade to Asia

Christopher Columbus

• Italian Explorer sailing for Spain

• mistakenly discovered the Americas in 1492 while searching for a faster route to Asia and Indies

Hernan Cortes

• Spanish explorer and conquistador

• led the conquest of Aztec Mexico in 1519-1521 for Spain

• Began first phase of Spanish colonization of Americas

What was the first event of the Exploration of the Americas?

1000- Leif Erikson discovers 'Vinland' (New England)

Who discovered North America?

John Cabot

Who is the New World named after?

Amerigo Vespucci

Who was the first to sail around the world?

Ferdinand Magellan

What were the first two colonies in America?

Jamestown, VA (1607)

Plymouth, MA (1620)

Jamestown

-First colony

• developed and sustained by John Smith & John Rolfe

Plymouth

-based on religious freedom

• established by pilgrims & puritans

House of Burgesses

the first elected legislative assembly in the New World

Lost Roanoke Colony

-present day North Carolina

• established by Sir Walter Raleigh

• mysteriously disappeared

Massachusetts Bay Colony

• founded in 1630 by John Winthrop

• founded by puritans after Plymouth

William Penn

• Quaker

• founded Pennsylvania to establish a place where people could live in peace and be free from persecution

Dutch West India Company

Trading company that established NY

Native Americans role in American Colonization

allies, enemies, and trading partners

Enslaved Africans role in American Colonization

forced laborers that contributed greatly to the development of America

13 colonies

• Virginia (1607)

• Massachusetts (1620)

• New Hampshire (1623)

• Maryland (1632)

• Connecticut (1635)

• Rhode Island (1636)

• Delaware (1638)

• North Carolina (1653)

• South Carolina (1653)

• New York (1664)

• New Jersey (1664)

• Pennsylvania (1681)

• Georgia (1732)

What were the three ships used by Christopher Columbus in 1492?

Santa Maria, Nina, Pinta

Mayflower ship

transported the Pilgrims from England to Plymouth in 1620

What were the three ships that brought settlers to Jamestown in 1607?

Susan Constant, Godspeed, Discovery

Major causes of American Revolution

• Taxation without representation

• The intolerable acts

• quartering act

• Limitations on colonial trade and expansion

• ideological differences

• continental congress

Taxation without representation

the idea that it is unfair to tax someone without giving them a voice in government

Intolerable acts

• in response to Boston Tea Party

• Port of Boston closed

• limited self government in Massachusetts

• allowed British officials to be tried in England or Canada

Quartering Act

• allowed British troops to live in the homes of the colonists

• fueled the need for the 3rd ammendment

Limitations on colonial trade and expansion

• The Navigation Acts limited colonial trade to England only

• The Proclamation of 1763 restricted colonists from settling west of the Appalachian Mountains

Ideological differences

• emphasized self governance and democratic ideals

• John Locke and Thomas Paine

Continental Congress

• acted as a makeshift government during and after the Revolution

• met in 1774 in response to the intolerable acts, agreed to boycott

• met in 1775-1781, issued the declaration of independence in 1776, approved the Articles of Confederation

Boston Massacre

• 1770

• key event leading up to revolutionary war

• violent confrontation

What were the causes of the Boston Massacre?

• Presence of British Troops

• Townshend Acts

• Economic and Employment tensions

Townshend Acts

laws passed in 1767 that taxed goods such as glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea

Boston Tea Party

• 1773

• key event leading up to revolutionary war

• men disguised as Indians boarded three ships and dumped 342 chests of tea into the Boston Harbor

Sons of Liberty

a secret society formed due to disagreements with British government; Samuel Adams, John Hancock, Paul Revere

American Revolution

• 1775-1783

• British vs 13 colonies to declare independence

What was the start of the Revolution?

issues with taxation and self governance; Battles of Lexington and Concord

Declaration of Independence

• 1776

• declared the colonies free

• written by Thomas Jefferson

Battle of Seratoga

• 1777

• scored recognition from other countries and support from France

Siege of Yorktown

• 1781

• American and French soldiers defeated British General, Lord Cornwallis

• prompted peace negotiations

Treaty of Paris

• 1783

• officially ended the war

• established boundaries for the nation

Congress of the Confederation

• what the 2nd Continental Congress 'morphed' into

• oversaw the end of the war and Treaty of Paris

How did the denial of the Articles of Confederation shape our nation?

In response, the US constitution was ratified in 1788, and the first congress began in 1789. It is what is still used today.

3/5 Compromise

Each slave would count for 3/5 of a person for taxation and representation purposes

George Washington

• first president

• 1789-1797

• no political affiliation

• former military general