Social Inequality Review Flashcards

Flashcards to review key concepts about social inequality affecting specific groups like women, ethnic minorities, and children.

To what extent do specific groups in society suffer inequality?

Specific groups such as women, ethnic minorities, and children suffer inequality to varying extents, facing income gaps, limited opportunities, and systemic disadvantages.

How does social and economic inequality impact society?

It leads to unequal access to wealth, education, health, and employment opportunities, reinforcing poverty cycles and social division.

What is the gender pay gap between men and women in the UK (2022)?

Women earn around 90p for every £1 earned by men.

What percentage of FTSE 100 CEOs are women?

Only 6%.

What are reasons women face inequality in the workplace?

Childcare responsibilities, part-time work, traditional roles, and limited promotion opportunities.

What is the 'motherhood penalty'?

The economic disadvantage women face due to childcare duties, resulting in part-time work and fewer promotions.

How many women work part-time compared to men (House of Commons)?

38% of women vs 14% of men.

What is the gender pay gap by age 40-49?

It rises to 10.3%, showing a clear motherhood-related impact.

What are the consequences of inequality for women?

Lower lifetime earnings, smaller pensions, fewer leadership opportunities, and increased risk of poverty.

Why do ethnic minorities face higher poverty rates?

Due to lower income, cultural employment patterns, unemployment, lower education, and discrimination.

What was the unemployment rate in June 2024 for white vs minority groups?

3.3% for white people, 8% for ethnic minorities.

What was the youth unemployment rate (16–24) for white vs Black youths (2024)?

12% for white youths, 27% for Black youths.

What is an example of indirect discrimination in employment?

Not allowing prayer breaks or religious holidays.

What percentage of ethnic minority graduates felt disadvantaged in job applications (2023)?

43%, compared to 8% of white graduates.

What are the consequences for ethnic minorities facing inequality?

Increased unemployment, underemployment despite qualifications, and continued income disparity.

Why do children in poverty face health inequality?

Due to limited access to healthy food and poor living conditions.

What percentage of children in deprived areas are obese (2023)?

12.4% vs 5.8% in less deprived areas.

What effect does cold housing have on children's health?

It increases respiratory illnesses; a 1°C drop below 5°C increases GP visits by 19%.

How much shorter is life expectancy in Scotland for the poorest 10% vs richest 10%?

13.3 years shorter for men, 10 years for women.

How much behind are children in deprived areas at age 5?

4.6 months behind in development.

What percentage of deprived youth achieve one or more Higher in Scotland?

43.5% vs 79.3% in least deprived areas.

What are the consequences of inequality for children?

Poor health, limited education, lower future earnings, and difficulty breaking the poverty cycle.