physics all year round flashcards

MYP Physics year 4-everything u need to know

Random error

error due to the recorder(person) rather than the instrument used for Measurement

What can be done against Random Errors?

repeat multiple times and calculate the average

Systematic error

error due to the instrument being ‘out of adjustment’

What can be done to prevent Systematic Errors?

new instrument or new scientific method

Uncertainty

the interval within which the true value of a quantity can be expected to lie

can also be called absolute error

How do you calculate Uncertainty?

estimated as ± half the smallest scale division(half the resolution)

resolution

smallest distance between two point that can be distinguished of a measuring device

Accurate

measurments close to the true value

Prescise

measurements that are very similar to eachotehr

Reproducible Results

different people do the same experiment and get similar results

How can you make data Reliable?

repeating the measurements and taking the average

What are synonyms for Absolute error

raw uncertainty

precision

fractional error

absolute error/measured value(given as a decimal)

percentage error

absolute error/measured value x 100

What is the percentage error?

how much percent the measurement could be away from its true value, the larger the percentage the worse

What is the difference between scalar and vector?

scalar

• quantity with only magnitude(size)

• ex. length, area, volume, mass, density, pressure, power, energy, temperature

Vector

• quantity with magnitude and direction

  • ex. displacement, velocity, acceleration, momentum, force, drag, thrust, weight

What is the difference between Distance and Displacement?

Distance

• how far a object has moved

Displacement

• how far an object has travelled and in which direction

What is the difference between velocity and speed?

Speed

• how fast an object is moving

• distance/time

Velocity

• how fast an object is moving and in which direction

• displacement/time

What does SUVAT stand for?

• S=displacement=meters(m)

• U=initial velocity=m per seconds(ms^-1)

• V=final Velocity=m per second(ms^-1)

• A=acceleration=m per second per second(ms^-2)

• T=time=seconds(s)

What is the acceleration of gravity?

9.81ms^-2(number used in MYP 4)

What is Momentum?

the property all moving object have

What is the formula for Momentum?

p=mv in kgms^-1

momentum=p

mass=m

velocity=v

What is the measurement of force?

Newton(N)

What is a gravitational field?

area of space where an object with mass experiences gravitational force from another mass(without necessarily being on contact)

What is Gravitational fiel strength?

the ability of a particular gravitational field to accelerate(engage in the velocity or direction) a mass(ie. the effect of a gravitational field)

What is Gravitational Force(F_grav)?

the force exerted(put) between two masses, this force must by within the objects gravitational field, eg. the earth pulling the moon towards it

What is the formula for the Gravitational force?

F_grav= G x m₁ x m₂ / r²

^{m=masses of two bodies or objects in kg}

^{r=distance between the centres of two objects in m}

What is the value for the gravitational Constant?

G=6.67 × 10^-11 Nm²kg^-2

Who has a Electrical Field?

all charged objects such as electrons, ions, etc.

What is a Electrical field?

The area surrounding an electrical charge that may influence other charged particles

What is Coulombs law?

related to the electronic force due to the electrostatic charges of two boject

What is the formula for the Electrostatic force(F_e)?

F_e=k x q₁ x q₂ / r²

What is Coulombs Constant(k)?

k=9.0 × 10⁹ Nm²C^-2

What happens when F is positive?

charges repeal each tear as pos and pos push each other was and neg and neg are also repulsive

What happens when F is negative?

q₁ and q₂ attract each other as pos and neg charges attract

What is the force pulling an object down?

gravity

What does the size of the arrow showing force say?

the longer the arrow, the higher the force

What is a resultant force?

the single fore also refered to sum of all forces overall force acting on an object

What is inertia?

teh tendancy of objects to continue in their state rest or uniform motion

What is the formula for Newtons Second law?

F=ma

Force(N)=mass(kg) x acceleration(ms^-2)

What does netwto’s second law say?

a force acting on a mass produces and acceleration that depends on the magnitude of the mass

What does Newtons 3rd law dictate?

for every action there is a equal reaction