Bonding and Properties of Solids and Liquids

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to bonding and properties of solids and liquids.

Histologist

A scientist who prepares and studies tissues, cells, and bodily fluids to diagnose diseases.

Basal cell carcinoma

The most common form of skin cancer, often treated with Mohs surgery.

Mohs surgery

A specialized surgical technique used to treat skin cancer by removing cancerous growths and surrounding tissue.

Lewis Structure

A diagram that shows the bonding between atoms and the lone pairs of electrons in a molecule.

Valence Electrons

Electrons in the outer shell of an atom that are involved in forming bonds.

Covalent Bond

A type of bond where two atoms share electrons.

Dipole

A separation of charge within a molecule, resulting in a positive end and a negative end.

Hydrogen Bond

A strong type of dipole-dipole attraction that occurs between molecules where hydrogen is bonded to highly electronegative atoms.

Intermolecular Forces

Forces which mediate interaction between molecules, including dipole-dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion forces.

Heat of Fusion

The energy required to melt a solid at its melting point.

Heat of Vaporization

The energy required to convert a liquid into a gas at its boiling point.

Sublimation

The process where a solid changes directly into gas without passing through the liquid phase.

Condensation

The process of a gas changing into a liquid.

Tetrahedral

The shape of a molecule that has four bonded atoms and no lone pairs around the central atom.

Trigonal Pyramidal

The shape of a molecule with three bonded atoms and one lone pair around the central atom.

Electronegativity

The ability of an atom to attract shared electrons in a chemical bond.

Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A bond characterized by equal sharing of electrons between two atoms.

Polar Covalent Bond

A bond where electrons are shared unequally between two atoms.

Ionic Bond

A bond formed when one atom transfers electrons to another atom.

Resonance Structures

Different Lewis structures for the same molecule that show possible configurations of electrons.

Lewis Symbols

A representation of an atom that shows its valence electrons as dots around the atomic symbol.