Vocal Ped Final

Diaphragm

Biggest breathing muscle

Epigastric muscle

The upper central region of the diaphragm.

Appoggio

A breathing technique that comes from the Italian school of singing.

Appogiarsi a means

to lean against

Appogio

Type of diaphragmatic breathing where one sings on the “inspiratory gesture”

Costal Breathing

Rib breathing; ribs are consistently held high when singing.

Pancostal breathing

Chest breathing; involves sucking in the epigastric region while singing.

Belly Breathing

Breathing with the belly.

Back breathing

Breathing with the back; can aid in diaphragmatic breathing.

Diaphragmatic breathing

similar to appogio- Breathing that remains in the inspiratory gesture while singing.

External intercostal muscles

Muscles that aid in inhalation.

Internal intercostals

Muscles that aid in exhalation.

Phonation

Sound produced by the vocal folds coming together.

Phonatory Dimension

The entire range of how one can phonate.

Hypofunctional

Breathy phonation with insufficient pressure for adduction of vocal folds.

Hyperfunctional

Pressed phonation with strong adduction and high subglottic pressure.

Flow

Balanced amount of subglottic pressure during phonation.

Phonation threshold

Minimum pressure required to initiate phonation at a given frequency.

Bernoulli Effect

The phenomenon where air moving through vocal folds draws them together until pressure builds to burst through the closed glottis.

Subglottic pressure

Pressure that exists below the glottis.

Supraglottic pressure

Pressure that exists above the glottis.

Onset

The attack when vocal cords come together to produce sound.

Vibrato

A pitch variant produced by neurological impulses and coordination of breath and phonatory mechanisms; a natural result of the dynamic balancing of airflow and vocal fold approximation

Overtones

Integers of pitch

Chiaroscuro tone

The 'dark-light' tone that characterizes well-balanced resonance in the singing voice.

Cover

Excessive vowel modification that produces a darkened vocal timbre.

Tremolo

Too fast vibrato.

Wobble

Undesirable oscillation of the singing voice; wide vibrato.

Who did their project on Vocal disorders

Eowynn and Alana

What is a vocal disorder