period 2

Joint Stock Companies

Organizations with limited liability where investors pool money for ventures, crucial for colonizing the New World.

Fur Trade

French trade with American Indians, often leading to intermarriage.

Mercantilism

European economic system aiming for more exports than imports to increase wealth.

Jamestown

Second English colony attempt by the Virginia Company, faced initial hardships with high mortality rates.

Indentured Servitude

Young men worked for a set time on plantations in exchange for passage to colonies, with many not surviving their term.

Headright System

Granting 50 acres of land in the Virginia colony to those who sponsored or brought indentured servants.

Puritans

Individuals seeking to purify or separate from the Anglican church, leading to the establishment of new colonies.

House of Burgesses

Representative assembly in Virginia with the power to levy taxes.

Pilgrims/Plymouth

Protestants persecuted in England who settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts, led by William Bradford.

Mayflower Compact

First governing document in the New World created by the Pilgrims.

Navigation Acts

Regulations restricting trade to English ships to control commerce between England and the colonies.

Bacon’s Rebellion

Nathaniel Bacon and former indentured servants rebelled against Jamestown due to high taxes and conflicts with natives.

Triangular Trade

Trade route involving rum, enslaved people, and sugar cane between Northeast, West Africa, and West Indies.

Salutary Neglect

British policy of loosely governing colonies as long as they were profitable.

The First Great Awakening

Religious revival led by George Whitfield and John Edwards in response to Enlightenment ideals.

French and Indian War

Conflict between the British and French with Native American allies over territory in North America.

The Enlightenment

Intellectual movement focusing on realistic ideals rather than spiritual beliefs.

Anglicanization

Process of colonies adopting British customs and practices.