period 2

Key Terms

Joint Stock Companies: limited liability organizations; investors pool their money to fund a venture; key to colonizing the New World; improvements in maritime technology and more organized methods for conducting international trade helped drive changes to economies in Europe and the Americas.

Fur Trade: French traded with American Indians; likely to intermarry

Mercantilism: European economic system (shifted from feudalism to more capitalistic mercantilism) wanted more exports than imports for more $$

Jamestown: Second English colony attempt, Joint-stock company by the Virginia Company. Very rough start, half of colonists dead and others only survived with continued arrival of ships w/ supplies and people

Indentured Servitude Young men granted opportunity to come to colonies as long as they worked for a certain amount of time on a plantation in return for freedom but most did not survive their term.

Headright System: If people sponsored/brought indentured servants to America, granted 50 acres of land. Mostly in VA colony.

Puritans: People who wanted to purify the Anglican church from within (congregationalists) or abandon it completely (separatists). Began new colonies after being banished/discriminated against in Britain.

House of Burgesses: VA, representative assembly; able to levy taxes

Pilgrims/Plymouth: Protestants persecuted by King James I; 35 pilgrims went on the Mayflower and headed to America in 1667 led by William Bradford; settled in Plymouth, Massachusetts; 

Mayflower Compact: First governing document of the New World made by the pilgrims

Dutch West India Company

Massachusetts Bay Company: 

Lord Baltimore/Maryland:  

Pequot War

Metacom’s War (King Philip’s War): war between the Wampanoag indians and british, indians tried to force brits away because they were on their ancestral land. Indians allied w/ other Indians and attacked white settlements in the NE. Brits allied with the Mohawks who killed King Phillip (metacom). Movement ended with bad relations with british and indians. 

Anne Hutchinson

Roger Williams/Rhode Island

Navigation Acts: trade with English and colonies, only with English ships (way to control colonies)

Bacon’s Rebellion: Nathaniel Bacon and other previous indentured servants rebelled and burned down Jamestown due to inflated taxes and conflicts with natives

Slave Codes: Rules created to control slaves and prevent violence/escape

Triangular Trade: Northeast -> rum to -> West Africa -> enslaved people (middle passage) -> West Indies -> sugar cane 

Pueblo Revolt: uprising of most of the indigenous Pueblo people against the Spanish colonizers in Santa Fe 

Quakers: Protestant denomination; peaceful religious group from England 

William Penn/Pennsylvania 

Salutary Neglect: The idea that the colonies were only loosely governed by the British as long as they were still profiting Britain

The First Great Awakening: Led by George Whitfield and John Edwards, religious revival in fear of enlightenment ideals

French and Indian War

The Enlightenment: Around the same time as 1st great awakening, focused on realistic ideals rather than spiritual

John Locke: most influential enlightenment thinker

Jean Jacque Rousseau

Montesquieulks
Anglicanization: colonies becoming more like Britain