Biology m vs m

Asexual reproduction (parent number)

1 parent

Sexual reproduction (parent \#)

2 parent, egg and sperm

Asexual reproduction is

To repair damaged cells; replacement of old cells

Sexual reproduction is

To provide genetic variation- adaption- survival. Stem cell treatment

asexual reproduction aka....

Mitosis, budding, binary fission; cloning.

Asexual reproductions offspring is

Genetically identical to the parent

Sexual reproduction aka...

Meiosis, sex cells (Sperm and egg/ovum)

Sexual reproductions offspring is

Genetically different from the parent

Cell cycle

G1, S, G2, M (sometimes G0 at the end)

G1

Increases in size, production of new organelles

S

DNA replication, synthesis

G2

preparation for cell division

M

Phase- cell division

G0

These cells are already specialized.

Cyclins

Are the proteins that give the cell cycle instructions, attached to the cdkinase

Cdkinase

Regulates cyclins

Oncogene

Suppressor gene which stops the production of cyclins

Crossing over

Process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis.

Mitosis vs. Meiosis

Mitosis: one division forming 2 identical cells (clones); Meiosis: two divisions forming 4 genetically different cells

genetic variation

Differences among individuals in the composition of their genes or other DNA segments

Diploid vs. Haploid

diploid is two sets of chromosomes and haploid is one set of chromosomes

homologous chromosomes

Chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis. One from father and one from mother.

Phases during mitosis

prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase

Phases during meiosis

interphase, prophase I, metaphase I, anaphase I, telophase I, cytokinesis, interphase II, metaphase II, anaphase II, and telophase II.