Untitled Flashcards Set

Who is known as the first true scientist to study light through experiments?

Ivan Al-Haytham

What did Ole Romer discover about light?

Light travels at a speed.

What phenomenon did James Clerk Maxwell associate with light as an electromagnetic wave?

The speed of electromagnetic waves is the same.

What is the wavelength (λ) in terms of waves?

The distance between corresponding points on adjacent waves.

What does the frequency (𝜈) measure in waves?

The number of waves that pass a given point in a specific time, usually one second.

What describes wave properties of electrons and other small particles?

Quantum Theory

What is the Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle?

You cannot know the speed and location of a moving object at the same time.

What is the Pauli Exclusion Principle?

No two electrons in the same atom can have the same set of four quantum numbers.

What does the Aufbau Principle state about electron placement?

Start with the lowest energy level and orbital and build up.

What does Hund’s Rule state about electron placement in orbitals?

Put one electron in each orbital of equal energy before pairing them.

What is the difference between an orbit and an orbital?

An orbit is a circular path around a nucleus, while an orbital is a 3-dimensional region indicating the probable location of an electron.

How many lobes does an S orbital have?

1 lobe.

How many lobes does a P orbital have?

2 lobes.

What is the significance of the hydrogen spectrum?

It shows that the light given off by an element reveals what the element's electrons are doing.

What are Noble Gases?

Group 18 elements (He, Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn).

What is Noble-Gas Configuration?

Occupying the outer main energy level with eight electrons.

Who introduced the electromagnetic spectrum concept?

James Clerk Maxwell.

What did Max Planck discover regarding energy?

Energy is spread across the spectrum in little bits he called quanta.

What is the principal quantum number symbolized by?

n.

How is the Angular Momentum Quantum Number symbolized?

l.

What is the Spin Quantum Number?

Values of +½ and -½ indicating the two fundamental spin states of an electron.

What does the term 'Electron Configuration' refer to?

The arrangement of electrons in an atom.

What are the shapes of D and F orbitals?

D orbital has 4 lobes, F orbital has 8 lobes.