UNIT 5 MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH:

Personality

A person’s characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling, and behaving.

Anxiety

A feeling of worry, nervousness, or unease, often about an imminent event or uncertain outcome.

Schizophrenia

A severe mental disorder characterized by distortions in thinking, perception, emotions, language, sense of self, and behavior.

Antisocial personality disorder

A personality disorder marked by a disregard for and violation of the rights of others, often involving deceit, manipulation, and lack of remorse.

Avoidant personality disorder

A disorder characterized by extreme social inhibition, feelings of inadequacy, and sensitivity to negative evaluation.

Borderline personality disorder

A personality disorder characterized by unstable relationships, self-image, and emotions, along with impulsivity and self-destructive behavior.

Cluster A

A group of personality disorders marked by odd or eccentric behaviors (paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal).

Cluster B

A group of personality disorders characterized by dramatic, emotional, or erratic behaviors (antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic).

Cluster C

A group of personality disorders marked by anxious and fearful behaviors (avoidant, dependent, obsessive-compulsive).

Dependent personality disorder

A disorder characterized by excessive need to be taken care of, leading to submissive and clingy behavior.

Histrionic personality disorder

A disorder involving excessive emotionality, attention-seeking, and a need for approval.

Narcissistic personality disorder

A disorder characterized by grandiosity, a need for admiration, and a lack of empathy.

Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder

A personality disorder marked by a preoccupation with orderliness, perfectionism, and control.

Paranoid personality disorder

A disorder characterized by distrust and suspicion of others.

Schizoid personality disorder

A disorder characterized by detachment from social relationships and a limited range of emotional expression.

Schizotypal personality disorder

A disorder involving social and interpersonal deficits, eccentric behavior, and cognitive distortions.

Acrophobia

An intense fear of heights.

Agoraphobia

A fear of situations where escape might be difficult, such as open spaces or crowded places.

Arachnophobia

An intense fear of spiders.

Ataque de nervios

A culturally specific syndrome seen in Latin America involving uncontrollable shouting, crying, trembling, and sometimes aggressive behavior.

Generalized anxiety disorder

A disorder marked by persistent and excessive worry about multiple aspects of life.

Panic attack

A sudden episode of intense fear that triggers severe physical reactions without apparent cause.

Panic disorder

A disorder characterized by recurrent and unexpected panic attacks.

Phobia

An excessive, irrational fear of a specific object, situation, or activity.

Social anxiety disorder

A disorder marked by extreme fear of social situations and being judged by others.

Taijin kyofusho

A Japanese culture-specific disorder marked by fear of offending or embarrassing others.

Catatonia

A state of unresponsiveness, including rigidity, mutism, or purposeless movement.

Catatonic stupor

A condition in which a person is unresponsive and appears to be in a daze.

Delusions

Strongly held false beliefs that persist despite evidence to the contrary.

Delusions of grandeur

False beliefs that one has exceptional abilities, wealth, or fame.

Delusions of persecution

False beliefs that one is being harassed, cheated, or plotted against.

Disorganized motor behavior

Unusual movements, including agitation, rigidity, or aimless activity.

Disorganized speech

Speech that is incoherent, tangential, or illogical.

Dopamine hypothesis

The theory that schizophrenia is linked to excess dopamine activity in the brain.

Hallucinations

Sensory experiences that occur without external stimuli, most commonly auditory.

Negative symptoms

Symptoms that reflect a loss of normal functioning, such as reduced emotional expression.

Positive symptoms

Symptoms that add abnormal experiences, such as hallucinations or delusions.

Schizophrenia spectrum disorders

A range of disorders characterized by psychotic symptoms, such as schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder.

Word salad

Incoherent and disorganized speech that lacks logical connection.

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

A disorder marked by inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

A developmental disorder characterized by difficulties with social interaction, communication, and repetitive behaviors.

Neurodevelopmental disorders

A group of disorders that affect brain development, causing difficulties with learning, communication, and behavior.

Bipolar disorders

A category of mood disorders involving extreme mood swings between mania and depression.

Bipolar I Disorder

A disorder characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be followed by depressive episodes.

Bipolar II Disorder

A disorder involving hypomanic episodes and depressive episodes, but no full manic episodes.

Cycling

The rapid switching between manic and depressive episodes in bipolar disorder.

Mania

A state of heightened energy, euphoria, and impulsivity.

Depression

A prolonged state of sadness and hopelessness.

Major Depressive Disorder

A severe form of depression lasting at least two weeks.

Persistent Depressive Disorder

A chronic, less severe form of depression lasting at least two years.

Compulsions

Repetitive behaviors performed to reduce anxiety caused by obsessions.

Hoarding disorder

A disorder marked by excessive collecting and difficulty discarding possessions.

Obsessions

Intrusive, unwanted thoughts that cause anxiety.

Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

A disorder involving persistent obsessions and compulsions.

Dissociation

A disconnection between thoughts, identity, consciousness, and memory.

Dissociative amnesia

A disorder characterized by memory loss of important personal information due to stress or trauma.

Dissociative identity disorder (DID)

A disorder where a person exhibits multiple distinct identities or personalities.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

A disorder characterized by flashbacks, avoidance, and heightened arousal following trauma.

Feeding and eating disorders

Disorders characterized by abnormal eating behaviors that negatively impact physical health.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder marked by extreme weight loss due to self-starvation and fear of gaining weight.

Bulimia nervosa

An eating disorder characterized by binge eating followed by purging.