thylakoid membrane
chlorophyll is found in the
stroma chloroplast
the calvin cycle occurs in the ______ of the __________
acceptor
NADP+: electron acceptor or donor
oxidizing agent
NADP+: oxidizing agent or reducing agent
lose
NADP+: causes molecules to _____ electrons
low
NADP+: low energy or high energy
donor
NADPH: electron donor or acceptor
reducing agent
NADPH: reducing agent or oxidizing agent
fixes electrons
NADPH: “____” CO2 by adding _________
high
NADPH: low or high energy
carrier
NADPH: an e- _______
hole sunlight chlorophyll electrons oxidized
H2O fills the electron “_____” which is caused by _______ hitting __________ molecules, causing chloropyll to lose ______ (water is ________ in this process_
light
light reactions: H2O and ______ enter from outside the cell
O2
what is a product of light reactions
ATP NADPH
the things light reactions send over to the calvin cycle: ___, _____ and H+
ADP NADP+
the things the calvin cycle sends back to light reactions: ___, _____, and inorganic phosphorus
CO2
from outside the cell, what goes into the calvin cycle
sucrose
what is produced by the calvin cycle?
0
light hitting chlorophyll is step _ in light reactions
protein
photosystem II is a _______
atmosphere lumen H+ gradient
light hits the chlorophyll, H2O also goes in, then H+ and O2 are released. the O2 goes to ___________ and the H+ builds up in the _____ which creates a _________
primary electron acceptor
light reactions: 2 electrons go to the…
plastoquinone plastocyanin ferredoxin
mobile proteins in light reactions in order:
cytochrome complex
plastoquinone takes electrons to
H+
what powers the ATP synthase?
NADP+ reductase
ferredoxin takes electrons to
chlorophyll losing primary electron acceptor lost oxidized water water one photoexcytation
steps 0-2 light reactions! light strikes _________ molecules and they get excited, _______ electrons. those electrons are now passed on to the _______ ________ _________. PROBLEM! chlorophyll molecules have now ____ electrons and could fall apart (aka are _________). the SOLUTION is _____. Two _____ molecules are split to yield ___ oxygen. This replenishes the chlorophyll molecules for the next __________
reduced
end of light reaction… NADP+ from calvin cycle is _______ to NADPH which is then sent back to the calvin cycle
carbon fixation
phase 1 of the calvin cycle
reduction
phase 2 of the calvin cycle
regeneration of CO2 acceptor
phase 3 of the calvin cycle
CO2 atmosphere
input to the calvin cycle is 3 what and where are they from
rubisco
what is the strumpet enzyme
catalyzes it
rubisco does what to the first step of the calvin cycle
CO2 oxygen
rubisco bonds with _ and _______
phosphorus ADP
middle of the first step of the calvin cycle, ATP comes in, what does it give and then what does it turn in to
NADPH NADP+
calvin cycle, once its 1-3 bisphosphogycerate, 6 _____ come in from the light rxn and turn into 6 _____, 6 inorganic phosphorus are also produced
ADP RuBP
in phase 3 of the calvin cycle, 3 ATP come in and turn into 3 ___ and then the molecule they leave is abbreviated to ____