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What period does the Age of Exploration refer to?

The Age of Exploration refers to the period between the 1400s and 1600s.

The Age of Exploration is also known as __________.

The Age of Discovery.

During the Age of Exploration, Europeans engaged in an unprecedented level of __________.

exploration.

Where did most exploration during the Age of Exploration occur?

In the New World, including the Americas, Africa, and Asia.

What advancements were made during the Age of Exploration regarding navigation?

Navigation and mapping methods improved, transitioning from traditional portolan charts to the world's first nautical maps.

The exchange of new foods, plants, and animals occurred between __________ and the colonies.

Europe.

What devastating effects did European colonization have on native communities?

Native communities were devastated by disease, overwork, and massacres.

What continued impact is seen today from the Age of Exploration?

Many former colonies are still considered developing countries.

What is a major contrast between colonizing nations and colonized regions today?

The colonizing nations are now First World countries holding the majority of the world’s wealth.

What was one of the main goals of Magellan's expedition?

To open a trade route with the Moluccas, or Spice Islands.

Who led the expedition known as Magellan–Elcano?

The Portuguese Ferdinand Magellan.

What notable introduction occurred as a result of Magellan’s expedition?

Introduced Christianity to the Philippines.

What did Ruy Lopez de Villalobos name the islands he explored?

Felipinas.

Who confirmed the name

Felipinas

What was one of the initial tasks of Spanish explorers like Villalobos?

To conquer islands not claimed by Portugal.

In what year did Legazpi's expedition land in Cebu?

February 13, 1565.

What important compact was made by Legazpi in Bohol?

A blood compact with Datu Sikatuna.

What was the first permanent Spanish settlement in the Philippines?

Cebu, named Ciudad del Santisimo Nombre de Jesus.

What fort did Legazpi build that became a trading outpost?

Fuerza de San Pedro.

What title was granted to Manila by King Philip II of Spain in 1574?

Insigne y Siempre Leal Ciudad de España.

What role did the Governor-General have in colonial governance?

Executive and judicial powers, head of the Royal Audiencia, and military leader.

What system was used to create 'check and balance' in colonial governance?

Visita and Residencia.

What was the main economic system established during the Spanish colonization?

Encomienda system.

Reduccion aimed at __________ within missionary areas.

Encouraging settlement to expedite conversion to Christianity.

What did the encomienda system require from its administrators?

To protect people, maintain order, and assist in the spread of Christianity.

What was one effect of the Reduccion on Filipinos?

Facilitated baptism and teaching of Catholic Christian doctrine to natives.

What led to significant social changes for indigenous peoples during colonization?

The influence of Spanish nobility and gentry.

Who became the prominent figures in local governance under Spanish rule?

Cabeza de barangay and gobernadorcillo.

What were 'gusanos' known as in colonial society?

Mestizos, people of mixed heritage.

What cultural changes occurred due to Spanish colonization?

The emergence of a Hispanic culture blending indigenous and Spanish influences.

What was a significant form of economic resistance among Filipinos?

Uprisings against colonial oppression.

Which notable uprising occurred in 1574?

Uprising of Lakandula and Soliman.

What factors drove rebellions during the colonial period?

Loss of precolonial power and issues regarding land ownership.

What were some forms of social revolt in the Philippines?

Avoidance, deviation, exclusion, and armed resistance.

What was the role of the 'infieles' in the colonial context?

They were considered outsiders who resisted the imposed colonial order.

What was one of the key differences between insiders and outsiders in colonial society?

Insiders accepted the colonial order; outsiders resisted it.

What types of educational institutions were established under Spanish rule?

Escuelas parroquiales (parish schools) focusing on Catholic teachings.

What medical practices were associated with colonial missionary efforts?

Treating the sick with local plants and herbs.

What disaster spread was linked to missionary activity?

The dual relationship between Christianity and healing.

What unusual remedy was associated with baptism?

Seen as a remedy for illness, perceived as punishment for sin.

What economic activity was significantly impacted by Spanish colonization?

The establishment of the galleon trade system.

How did the urban landscape change under Spanish rule?

Development of 'port cities' facilitating global commerce.

What social dynamic was fostered through the construction of plazas and churches?

Creation of community centers around colonial institutions.

The cultural heritage resulting from colonization included aspects such as __________.

Architecture, music, literature, and religious art.

What were some health measures taken during the colonial period?

Setting up asylums, hospices, and collecting local medicinal plants.

What unique title was given to those who thrived outside of colonial society?

Cimarrones, implying they resisted colonial governance.