Human Biology Review

A collection of vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms and concepts from human biology, specifically focusing on systems related to digestion, respiration, urinary function, and reproduction.

Spirometer

A device used to measure the volume of air inhaled and exhaled by the lungs.

Micturition

The process of urination.

Excretion vs. Defecation

Excretion involves the removal of metabolic wastes while defecation refers to the elimination of undigested food.

Ovaries

Female reproductive organs that produce eggs and hormones.

Corpus Luteum

The structure formed after ovulation that produces progesterone.

Spermatogenesis

The production of sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules of the testes.

Pap Test

A procedure to examine cells from the cervix for cancer.

Tubal Ligation

A surgical procedure in which the uterine tubes are cut and sealed to prevent pregnancy.

Chyme

The semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that leaves the stomach.

Peristalsis

The wave-like muscle contractions that move food through the digestive system.

Vital Capacity vs. Tidal Volume

Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can exhale after a maximum inhalation, while tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled in a normal breath.

Surfactant

A substance that reduces surface tension in the alveoli and helps with gas exchange.

Body Mass Index (BMI)

A measurement that compares weight to height to assess body weight status.

Hydrochloric Acid

An acid produced by the stomach that helps with digestion and protects against pathogens.

Ventilation

The process of moving air in and out of the lungs, including inspiration and expiration.

Larynx

The voice box that houses the vocal cords and is involved in sound production.

Glottis

The opening between the vocal cords in the larynx that determines the pitch of sound.

Tonsils

Lymphoid tissues located at the back of the throat that help protect against infection.

Anorexia

An eating disorder characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.

Bulimia

An eating disorder marked by binge eating followed by purging.

Muscle Dysmorphia

A mental health condition characterized by obsessive concerns about muscle size and body image.

Colon Polyps

Growths on the lining of the colon that can develop into cancer.

Liver

An organ that performs various functions including detoxification, metabolism, and bile production.

Sphincter

A ring-like muscle that controls the passage of substances through openings in the body.