Ch. 1 Vocabulary Review (Teacher's Copy)

Forensic Science

Investigated by personnel, typically medical examiners or coroners, responsible for determining the cause, manner, and time of death; may include trained physicians conducting autopsies.

Junk Science

Often results in wrongful convictions; exacerbates racial disparities in wrongful convictions.

Forensic Toxicology

Focused on determining drug use, poisoning, or toxic exposure as part of legal investigations.

Forensic Serology

Study of blood serum, saliva, and other bodily fluids in relation to crimes; may involve DNA typing.

Forensic Entomology

Utilizes insects and related arthropods found on decaying remains to aid legal investigations.

Forensic Chemistry

Assists in identifying unknown materials from crime scenes using various methods and instruments.

Forensic Odontology

Applies dental science in legal investigations, primarily through comparing dental records with bite marks or human remains.

Forensic Document Analysis

Involves examining documents related to crime scenes by scientists specializing in written, typed, or printed materials.

Forensic Psychiatry

Branch focusing on assessing and treating mentally disordered offenders; requires a deep understanding of mental health laws.

Forensic Fingerprint Analysis

A laboratory analyst that processes and examines fingerprint evidence in criminal cases.

16: Calvin Goddard

C: Major forensic scientist known for his invention, the comparison microscope.

17: Edmund Locard

D: Pioneer in forensic science known as the 'Sherlock Holmes of France'; formulated the principle 'Every contact leaves a trace.'

18: Mathieu Orfila

A: Often called the 'Father of Toxicology.'

19: August Vollmer

E: First police chief to require police officers to have college degrees and promoted criminal justice education.

20: Alphonse Bertillon

B: Created an identification system based on physical measurements.

21: Criminalistics

D: Scientific examination of physical evidence for legal purposes.

22: Criminalist

A: Psychological study of crime scenes for motive, traits, and behavior.

23: Evidence

B: Availability of facts indicating whether a belief or proposition is valid.

24: Felony

D: A serious crime usually punishable by imprisonment for over a year or by death.

25: Violation

C: Failure to do what is legally required or expected.

26: Probable Cause

A: Reason based on known facts to believe a crime has occurred.

27: Indictment

D: A formal accusation against an individual suspected of committing a crime.

28: Bail

B: Temporary release of an accused person awaiting trial on guarantee of their appearance in court.

29: Miranda Rights

D: Rights an officer must advise a person being arrested.

30: Violation (Legal)

C: When laws or agreements are infringed.

31: Arraignment

D: Initial courtroom procedure where the accused is read the charges.

32: Civil Law

A: Body of rules governing private rights and disputes between individuals.

33: Criminal Law

B: System of law concerned with punishment for crimes.

34: Common Law

D: Legal rules made by judges through case rulings.

35: Statutory Law

C: Written laws from regulatory agencies and court decisions.

36: Misdemeanor

C: Lesser crime punishable by a fine or county jail time for up to one year.

41: Sir Francis Galton

C: Father of Fingerprint Analysis.

42: Mikhail Gerasimov

A: Father of Facial Reconstruction.

43: Albert S. Osborn

E: Father of Document Analysis.

44: Lawerence Kersta

B: Father of Voice Analysis.

45: Alec Jeffreys

D: Father of DNA Fingerprinting.