Cybersecurity Test 3

What is the command cat short for?

Concatenate

What command by default displays the first ten lines of text?

head

What command by default displays the last ten lines of text?

tail

What command finds words or phrases in a file?

grep

What command controls permissions a user has?

chmod

What command will redirect the output of one file to another?

>

What is the difference between ipconfig and ifconfig

ipconfig is for Windows TCP/IP configuration: ifconfig is for Linux interface configuration

What are ipconfig and ifconfig mainly used for?

Network troubleshooting

What does the 'ip link show' command do?

Displays status of network link layer devices

What does the 'ip addr show' command do?

Displays addresses assigned to devices

What protocol does the 'ping' command use

ICMP

What does TTL stand for

Time to Live

What does the 'traceroute' command do?

Determines path a packet takes to a destination

What does the command 'nslookup' do

Provides simple lookup of domain names and matching IP addresses

What does ARP stand for?

Address Resolution Protocol

What does the 'netstat' command do?

Monitors network connections to and from host

What does NMAP allow you to do?

Search for hosts on a network

The term cryptography comes from the Greek words kryptos, meaning ______, and graphein, meaning ______

a secret, to study

What is the definition of cryptography?

The practice and study of writing or solving codes

What is the name of the cipher where each letter is shifted?

Caesar Cipher

The term cryptanalysis comes from the Greek words krypts and analein, meaning ______

to loosen

Encrypt is to ______, as decrypt is to ______

convert, unconvert

What is the definition of plaintext

A message to be encrypted

What is the definition of ciphertext?

The encrypted data

Why are one-way keys given their name?

There is no way to reverse the encryption

What is the name of a common key exchange method

Diffie-Hellman

Which of the following are famous ciphers?  (Select three

Pigpen Cipher, Enigma , Balanced Oil and Vinegar

In the world of cryptography, what is a hash?

A one-way encryption that converts any form of data into a unique string of text

Which of the following is true regarding the data that is to be hashed?

None of the above

Which of the following is NOT a use of hashing in cryptography

Pirating

Which of the following is NOT a type of hash function?

MI6

What is the term given if two different passwords have the same hash?

Collision

What is the name of the technique of adding random data to a password before hashing it and then storing the new value with the hash is called?

Salting

An ______ is a random number used with a secret key to encrypt data.

initialization vector

A password should never be stored ______. (Select two)

in plaintext and unencrypted

Which directory is the shadow file stored on a Linux system?

etc

Which file preceded the shadow file on a Linux system

passwd

A ______ attack is done by trying all possible combinations and permutations until success.

Brute Force

Brute force attacks must be done online

False

A ______ attack is a brute-force technique where attackers run through common words and phrases.

dictionary

A ______ attack is a brute-force technique where attackers use a few commonly used passwords.

spraying

A ______ attack is a brute-force technique where attackers use a pre-calculated series of hashes

rainbow table

What can be added to a password to increase the strength of the password?

Salt