Head and Face - Advanced Sports Medicine

Cones

Cells in the eye responsible for seeing color

Sutures

Immoveable joints in the skull

Dentin

The majority of the tooth is made of…

Optic Disc

Known as the blind spot of the eye

Hyphema

Accumulation of blood in the anterior chamber of the eye

Incus

The most medial of the 3 middle ear bones

Occipital bone

Skull bone that contains the foramen magnum

Osicles

Group of middle ear bones

Cornea

Clear area in center of the eye

Melanin

Pigment that determines eye color

Cementum

Substance that covers root of the tooth

Parietal bones

Bones that make up the upper halves of the skull

Enamel

(Hardest substance in the body) Substance that covers the crown of the tooth

Epistaxis

Medical term for nosebleed

Iris

Part of the eye that surrounds the pupil

Auricular Hematoma

Injury to the ear that is caused by subcutaneous bleeding into the auricular cartilage

Maloclussion

Medical term for teeth not coming together

Squamous joint

Joint found between the parietal and temporal bones

Sclera

Outer portion of the eye that gives the eye its shape

Cerumen

Medical term for earwax

Crown

Portion of tooth protruding from gums

Rods

Cells in the eye responsible for seeing in low light

Lambdoid Suture

Joint between parietal and occipital bones

Malleus

Middle ear bone ATTATCHED to the tympanic membrane

Nasal fracture

Most common facial fracture

Mandible fracture

Second most common facial fracture

Zygomatic fracture

Third most common facial fracture

Maxillary fracture

Fourth most common facial fracture

• Spherical

• Medium convex

• Almost flat

Shape of the lens throughout life

Sphenomandibular, temporomandibular, stylomandibular

3 ligaments that connect to the mandible

22 bones

How many bones there are in the skull

Cranial bones

Ethmoid. frontal, occipital, parietal (x2), sphenoid, temporal (x2)

Facial bones

Inferior nasal concha (x2), lacrimal (x2), mandible, maxilla (x2), nasal (x2), platine (x2), vomer, zygomatic (x2)

Coronal joint

Joint between the frontal and parietal bones

Sagittal joint

Joint between the two parietal bones

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

Joint containing sphenomandibular, temporomandibular, and stylomandibular ligaments - hinge and gliding joint

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction

Caused by extreme mobility and disk-condyle derangement (most common cause)

Symptoms of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction

Headache, earache, vertigo, malocclusion, hypermobility, hypomobility, limited ROM

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dysfunction causes

Disc-condyle derangement

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation causes

Side blow to open mouth

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) dislocation symptoms

Jaw locked in open position, movement almost impossible, malocclusion

External ear

Auricle, ear lobe, external auditory canal/meatus

Middle ear

Tympanic membrane, osicles (malleus, incus, stapes), eustachian tube

Eustachian tube function

Stabilizes pressure

Internal ear

Cochlea (allows for hearing), semicircular canals

Semicircular canals function

Balance

Sports common w/ auricular hematoma

Wrestling, boxing, rugby

Cauliflower ear

Another term for auricular hematoma

Treatment for auricular hematoma

aspiration

Treatment for keloid

Surgical removal

Tympanic membrane rupture causes

Slap to unprotected ear, quick change in pressure

Otitis externa “swimmer’s ear” causes

Water trapped in ear canal, too much ear wax, cysts, allergies

Otitis media (middle ear infection) causes

Fluid build up from infection

Impacted cerumen causes

Excessive ear wax in canal

Lacrimal glands function

Produce tears

Conjunctiva function

Secretes mucus

Pink eyes

Eye color with no melanin

Brown/green eyes

Eye color with most melanin

Blue eyes

Eye color with minimal melanin

Pupil muscles

Sphincter and dilatator pupilae

Retina contents

Rods and cones

Orbital hematoma causation

Direct blow

Orbital fracture symptoms

Diplopia (double vision), restricted movement, downward displacement, numbness

Corneal abrasion causes

Debris in eye

Retinal detachment symptoms

Flashes of light specks in vision, seeing a “curtain falling down”

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) variations

Viral, bacterial, allergic

Conjunctivitis (pink eye) symptoms

Swelling, redness, itching, discharge

Uncomplicated crown fracture

Fracture where pulp is unaffected (no blood)

Complicated crown fracture

Exposes the pulp (bleeding)

Root fracture

Bleeding from gums, tooth becomes loose