Studied by 2 people
45
According to the International Society of Blood Transfusion, how many are the blood Group System?
371
According to the International Society of Blood Transfusion, how many are the Blood Group Antigen?
Blood Group antigens
Defined as carbohydrates (sugars) attached to glycoprotein or glycolipid structures or by amino acids on a protein
Carbohydrate Antigen / Protein Antigen
Low Incidence / High Incidence (according to occurrence)
Blood group antigens are classified as: 4
How are Genes written?
written in italics /underlined, number is SUPERSCRIPT
How are Antigens written?
Written in regular type (some antigens have numbers or superscript letters)
How are Phenotypes written?
Allele number is SUBSCRIPT
For letter antigens…
a plus sign or minus sign written on the same line as the antigen is used to designate that the antigen is present or absent
For antigens that have superscripts…
the letter of the superscript is placed in parentheses on the same line as the letter defining the antigen
For antigens that have a numerical designation…
the letter(s) defining the system is followed by a colon, followed by the number representing the antigen
semicolon
Phenotypes of more than one blood group system are separated by a ___________
antibodies
Described by their antigen notation with the prefix anti-, including a hyphen before the antigen symbol
Correct
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Fy(a+)
Correct
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology: M+ and K-
Incorrect
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Fya-b+
* a-b+ is in superscript
Incorrect
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology, and why?
Anti Fya
*a is in superscript
Incorrect
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Anti-Duffya
*a is in superscript
Incorrect
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Fya (-)
*a is in superscript
Correct
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Fy(a+) and Jk (a-)
Correct
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
Sc: -1,2
Correct
Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:
S+s+; K-; Fy(a+b-)
negative (absence of the antigen)
presence of minus sign
positive (presence of antigen)
denoted with + sign
molecular studies
If you want to perform patient genotype, perform _____________
Does serological tests determine genotype?
NO, because serologic tests determine only the RBC phenotype. For the genotype, perform molecular studies.
Genotype
composed of actual genes that an individual has inherited and can determined only by family or DNA studies
What is the function of the International Society of Blood Transfusion?
To facilitate computer storage and retrieval of blood group information and to help standardize blood group system and antigen names.
ISBT
WORKING PARTY ON TERMINOLOGY FOR RED CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS
ISBT
Enable communication on computer systems where numbers are necessary
First three digits represent
the system, collection, or series
Second three digits
identify the antigen
system
Consists of one or more antigens controlled at a single gene locus, or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them.
Collections
Antigens that have a biochemical, serologic, or genetic relationship but do not meet the criteria for a system
700 and 901
All remaining RBC antigens that are not associated with a system or a collection are catalogued into the __ series of low prevalence antigens or the _ series of high-prevalence antigens
Answer in: # , #
Low Incidence
represents prevalence of <1%
High incidence
90% of most random population
In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the most immunogenic?
A,B
In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the seconds most immunogenic?
Rh D
In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the third most immunogenic?
Kell group
In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the fourth most immunogenic?
Duffy group
What are the blood groups destroyed by enzyme treatment?
Duffy (Fya /Fyb), MNS Xg (Xga ), Chido Rodgers
DaMN SeXy Chido Rodgers
What are the blood groups enhanced by enzyme treatment?
P1, A, Rh, Kidd (JKa /JKb ), Lewis (Lea /Leb )
PIA at Rhea may Kidd at si Lewis ang ama
Examples of Enzyme:
Ficin, Papain, Trypsin, and Bromelin
Which blood group is unaffected by enzyme treatment?
Kell group
Antibodies to antigen of following blood groups are known for showing dosage:
Rh (except D)
Kidd
Duffy
MNSs
Lutheran
Rich Kid Doesn’t Mind Losing!
Plasmodium falciparum
Absence of M and N Blood Group is resistant towards
McLeod phenotype having a Chronic Granulomatous Disease
If the person has the presence of the Blood Group Kell then thre is a possibility of having
Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi
Absence of Duffy Blood Group is resistant towards -- and --
0
During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to MN blood group what will be the final reaction?
4+
During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to Kidd blood group what will be the final reaction?
3+
During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to Kell blood group what will be the final reaction?
enzymes; destroy or enhance
In antibody panel identification, we use -- to treat RBC antigens. It can either -- or --- the reaction.
Answer: --; -- or --
1
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups:
Rh Duffy, Knops, Scianna, Cromer?
2
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: MNSs
6
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Ii, Chido, Rodgers
7
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Kell, Cartwright, Colton
9
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: ABO
17
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Diego
18
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Kidd
19
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups:
Lutheran, Lewis, Landsteiner, and Wiener (LW,) H, OK
X
What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Xg
ABH and Lewis
Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination
Inhibition: What blood groups are seen in saliva?
Hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus)
Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination
Inhibition: Where are the P1 blood groups seen?
Mixed-field reaction (urine)
Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination
Inhibition: Where are the Sd^a blood groups seen?
milk for infants
Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination
Inhibition: Where is the Ii blood groups seen?
Lewis (007) LE System
Not intrinsic to RBCs
19
Lewis gene is found in which chromosome number? #only
fucosyl transferase enzyme
Le (FUT3) gene codes for the production of --
In the Lewis system, what are adsorbed in the RBC membrane?
Type 1 glycosphingolipids
Tissues
-- are responsible for the production of Lewis antigen
Murrant in 1946
Named after one of the first individuals to make the antibody reported by -name- in -year-
Answer: -name- in -year-
lymphocytes, platelets, tissues (pancreas, stomach, intestines, skeletal muscles, renal cortex, and adrenal gland)
found in the saliva as glycoproteins
The lewis system is found --
Le
Le^a has the __ gene
Le, Se, H
Le^b has the __ genes (3)
One of the problems are Lewis glycolipids are not detectable in the plasma until about
10 days after birth
Why was the Lewis blood ground undetectable until 10 days after birth ?
IgM, no placental transfer
Antibody class of Lutheran a?
Immediate Spin Phase
Antibody class of Lutheran b?
Antiglobulin Phase
Le (a-b-)
Lewis phenotype found in cord blood, cancer, and pregnant women
Le (a+b-)
Lewis phenotype present in non-secretors
Le (a-b+)
presentLewis phenotype in secretors
Lewis antibodies
Naturally occurring [Le(a-b-)]
Generally IgM, Immediate Spin Phase
Neutralize by the plasma
Anti-Le^a
Most commonly encountered Lewis antibody
Anti-Le^bh
-- reacts best when both the Leb and the H antigens are present
Anti-Le^bL
-- recognizes any Leb antigen regardless of the ABO type
Le^b
associated with receptor H. pylori and Norwalk virus
Le^x
marker for Reedsternberg cell
Le(a-b-)
increase renal graft and heart disease
Le(a-b-)
increases susceptibility to infections by Candida and uropathogenic E.coli
P1PK, Globoside, Globoside collection
P blood group consists of --,--, and --
007
What are the first 3 digits of the lewis system?
003
What are the first 3 digits of the P1PK?
028
What are the first 3 digits of the Globoside (GLOB)?
209
What are the first 3 digits of the Globoside collection (LKE)?
7 years
The P1 Antigen is poorly expressed at birth and may take up --- to be fully expressed.
P1 and P2
In the P blood group, -- and -- are the most common
Landsteiner and Levine
Who introduced the P1 antigen?
P and P^k
antigens have been found in plasma as glycosphingolipid and glycoproteins in hydatid fluid
glycosphingolipid and glycoproteins in hydatid fluid
P and P^k antigens have been found in plasma as -- and -- in --
Echinococcus granulosus and Fascioliasis
Anti-P1 is associated with -- and -- ?
Note
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