IMH_100: Other blood groups part 1

45

According to the International Society of Blood Transfusion, how many are the blood Group System?

371

According to the International Society of Blood Transfusion, how many are the Blood Group Antigen?

Blood Group antigens

Defined as carbohydrates (sugars) attached to glycoprotein or glycolipid structures or by amino acids on a protein

* Carbohydrate Antigen / Protein Antigen


* Low Incidence / High Incidence (according
to occurrence)

Blood group antigens are classified as: 4

How are Genes written?

written in italics /underlined, number is SUPERSCRIPT

How are Antigens written?

Written in regular type (some antigens have numbers or superscript letters)

How are Phenotypes written?

Allele number is SUBSCRIPT

For letter antigens…

a plus sign or minus sign written on the same line as the antigen is used to designate that the antigen is present or absent

For antigens that have superscripts…

the letter of the superscript is placed in parentheses on the same line as the letter defining the antigen

For antigens that have a numerical designation…

the letter(s) defining the system is followed by a colon, followed by the number representing the antigen

semicolon

Phenotypes of more than one blood group system are separated by a ___________

antibodies

Described by their antigen notation with the prefix anti-, including a hyphen before the antigen symbol

Correct

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Fy(a+)

Correct

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology: M+ and K-

Incorrect

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Fya-b+

\
\* a-b+ is in superscript

Incorrect

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology, and why?

\
Anti Fya

\*a is in superscript

Incorrect

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Anti-Duffya

\*a is in superscript

Incorrect

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Fya (-)

\*a is in superscript

Correct

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Fy(a+) and Jk (a-)

Correct

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

Sc: -1,2

Correct

Identify if correct or incorrect terminology:

S+s+; K-; Fy(a+b-)

negative (absence of the antigen)

presence of minus sign

positive (presence of antigen)

denoted with + sign

molecular studies

If you want to perform patient genotype, perform _____________

Does serological tests determine genotype?

NO, because serologic tests determine only the RBC phenotype. For the genotype, perform molecular studies.

Genotype

composed of actual genes that an individual has inherited and can determined only by family or DNA studies

What is the function of the International Society of Blood Transfusion?

To facilitate computer storage and retrieval of blood group information and to help standardize blood group system and antigen names.

ISBT

WORKING PARTY ON TERMINOLOGY FOR RED CELL SURFACE ANTIGENS

ISBT

Enable communication on computer systems
where numbers are necessary

First three digits represent

the system, collection, or series

Second three digits

identify the antigen

system

Consists of one or more antigens controlled at a single gene locus, or by two or more very closely linked homologous genes with little or no observable recombination between them.

Collections

Antigens that have a biochemical, serologic, or genetic relationship but do not meet the criteria for a system

700 and 901

All remaining RBC antigens that are not associated with a system or a collection are catalogued into the __ series of low prevalence antigens or the _ series of high-prevalence antigens

\
Answer in: # , #

Low Incidence

represents prevalence of

High incidence

>90% of most random population

In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the most immunogenic?

A,B

In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the seconds most immunogenic?

Rh D

In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the third most immunogenic?

Kell group

In terms of Immunogenicity which blood group is the fourth most immunogenic?

Duffy group

What are the blood groups destroyed by enzyme treatment?

Duffy (Fya /Fyb), MNS Xg (Xga ), Chido Rodgers

\
DaMN SeXy Chido Rodgers

What are the blood groups enhanced by enzyme treatment?

P1, A, Rh, Kidd (JKa /JKb ), Lewis (Lea /Leb )

\
PIA at Rhea may Kidd at si Lewis ang ama

Examples of Enzyme:

Ficin, Papain, Trypsin, and Bromelin

Which blood group is unaffected by enzyme treatment?

Kell group

Antibodies to antigen of following blood groups are known for showing dosage:

1. Rh (except D)
2. Kidd
3. Duffy
4. MNSs
5. Lutheran

\
Rich Kid Doesn’t Mind Losing!

Plasmodium falciparum

Absence of M and N Blood Group is resistant towards

McLeod phenotype having a Chronic Granulomatous Disease

If the person has the presence of the Blood Group Kell then thre is a possibility of having

Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi

Absence of Duffy Blood Group is resistant towards -- and --

0

During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to MN blood group what will be the final reaction?

4+

During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to Kidd blood group what will be the final reaction?

3+

During the antibody screening test, the initial reaction is 3+, but if an enzyme is added to Kell blood group what will be the final reaction?

enzymes; destroy or enhance

In antibody panel identification, we use -- to treat RBC antigens. It can either -- or --- the reaction.

\
Answer: --; -- or --

1

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups:

Rh Duffy, Knops, Scianna, Cromer?

2

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: MNSs

6

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Ii, Chido, Rodgers

7

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Kell, Cartwright, Colton

9

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: ABO

17

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Diego

18

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Kidd

19

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups:

Lutheran, Lewis, Landsteiner, and Wiener (LW,) H, OK

X

What is the chromosomal location of blood groups: Xg

ABH and Lewis

Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination

Inhibition: What blood groups are seen in saliva?

Hydatid cysts (Echinococcus granulosus)

Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination

Inhibition: Where are the P1 blood groups seen?

Mixed-field reaction (urine)

Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination

Inhibition: Where are the Sd^a blood groups seen?

milk for infants

Sources of Soluble Antigens for Hemagglutination

Inhibition: Where is the Ii blood groups seen?

Lewis (007) LE System

Not intrinsic to RBCs

19

Lewis gene is found in which chromosome number? #only

fucosyl transferase enzyme

Le (FUT3) gene codes for the production of --

In the Lewis system, what are adsorbed in the RBC membrane?

Type 1 glycosphingolipids

Tissues

\-- are responsible for the production of Lewis antigen

Murrant in 1946

Named after one of the first individuals to make the antibody reported by -name- in -year-

\
Answer: -name- in -year-

lymphocytes, platelets, tissues (pancreas, stomach, intestines, skeletal muscles, renal cortex, and adrenal gland)

\
found in the saliva as glycoproteins

The lewis system is found --

Le

Le^a has the __ gene

Le, Se, H

Le^b has the __ genes (3)

One of the problems are Lewis glycolipids are not detectable in the plasma until about

10 days after birth

Why was the Lewis blood ground undetectable until 10 days after birth ?

IgM, no placental transfer

Antibody class of Lutheran a?

Immediate Spin Phase

Antibody class of Lutheran b?

Antiglobulin Phase

Le (a-b-)

Lewis phenotype found in cord blood, cancer, and pregnant women

Le (a+b-)

Lewis phenotype present in non-secretors

Le (a-b+)

presentLewis phenotype in secretors

Lewis antibodies

* Naturally occurring \[Le(a-b-)\]
* Generally IgM, Immediate Spin Phase
* Neutralize by the plasma

Anti-Le^a

Most commonly encountered Lewis antibody

Anti-Le^bh

\-- reacts best when both the Leb and the H antigens are present

Anti-Le^bL

\-- recognizes any Leb antigen regardless of the ABO type

Le^b

associated with receptor H. pylori and Norwalk virus

Le^x

marker for Reedsternberg cell

Le(a-b-)

increase renal graft and heart disease

Le(a-b-)

increases susceptibility to infections by Candida and uropathogenic E.coli

P1PK, Globoside, Globoside collection

P blood group consists of --,--, and --

007

What are the first 3 digits of the lewis system?

003

What are the first 3 digits of the P1PK?

028

What are the first 3 digits of the Globoside (GLOB)?

209

What are the first 3 digits of the Globoside collection (LKE)?

7 years

The P1 Antigen is poorly expressed at birth and may take up --- to be fully expressed.

P1 and P2

In the P blood group, -- and -- are the most common

Landsteiner and Levine

Who introduced the P1 antigen?

P and P^k

antigens have been found in plasma as glycosphingolipid and glycoproteins in hydatid fluid

glycosphingolipid and glycoproteins in hydatid fluid

P and P^k antigens have been found in plasma as -- and -- in --

Echinococcus granulosus and Fascioliasis

Anti-P1 is associated with -- and -- ?