Biodiversity and Ecology

Chapter 5 and 6 of AP Environmental Science. Biodiversity and Ecology.

species richness is

number of different kinds of species.

Influences on species richness are what

DLTCH (distance, latitude, time, climate, habitat size)

Species evenness

numbers of animals in a species.

Predator prey relation is known as what

Driving factor for evolution, co-evolution.

The first step in evolution is what

genetic variations

how does genetic variation occur?

through mutations.

Mutations can lead to

Adaptations that help the species survive in the long run.

Biological fitness is what

ability to survive and reproduce, through millions of years through natural selection.

what is speciation?

when a species splits into two or more species.

whats a fundamental niche?

condition that lets the animal survive, but not thrive.

Whats a realized niche?

conditions that let the animal thrive.

Generalist species

Tolerate wide conditions. Big bell curve.

Specialist species

Can only live in specific conditions. Small bell curve.

How are populations distributed?

CURD (clumping, uniform, random dispersion)

Clumping relies on what?

Resources

Random Dispersion is

DI (density independent)

DI (density independent)

same affect on animals no matter population size (natural disasters)

DD (density dependent)

affect the animals chance of surviving dependent on the population (resources)

III

high mortality rate in young (r ), until they get older.

II

equal mortality for any age (can be r or k)

I

high mortality when older (k)

Interspecific

different species

Intraspecific

same species

What are some threats to the kelp forests?

PGS (pollution, global warming, sea urchins)

What are some events that primary succession takes place?

Volcano, glacial slide

What are some events that secondary succession takes place?

fire, clearing land.

Habitat fragmentation can negatively affect

Gene flow and resources

Competitive exclusion act (CET)

species outperforms the other and takes most of the resources.

Resource Partitioning

Two species share the resources