CHMY271: Acids and Bases

Covers acids and bases in organic chemistry, pKa, and the use of ARIO

the A in ARIO stands for…

the type of atom carrying a charge

the R in ARIO stands for…

resonance

the I in ARIO stands for…

induction

the O in ARIO stands for…

the type of orbital the charge is in

equilibrium favors a product that can…

stabilize the formal charge

pK_a > 1

weak acid

pK_a < 1

strong acid

the __________ the pK_a value is, the more basic a solution is

higher

when drawing an acid/base reaction, the __________ “attacks” the __________

base | acid

in acid/base reactions, __________ pK_a values are favored

higher

an atom’s impact on acidity

when being higher in electronegativity, charge can be stabilized more easily due to the desire to fulfill the octet rule

resonance’s impact on acidity

spreads out a negative formal charge into partial charges across a molecule

induction’s impact on acidity

spreads out a negative formal charge into partial charges and pulls e- densities

protonate

gains a proton using an acid

deprotonate

loses a proton using a base

the leveling effect

the solvent dictates the maximum strength of acids and bases based on its conjugates

solvation

the use of a solvent to stabilize solute ions

solvent molecules stabilize a solute by…

surrounding solute molecules with a cage-like structure

lewis acid

accepts and shares an e- pair

lewis base

donates and shares an e- pair

an acid and base must not be stronger than its __________ to exist in a certain solvent

conjugate

counterion

an ion that bonds to an ion with the opposite charge, canceling charges to create a neutral structure

spectator ion

an ion that stays the same on both sides of a chemical reaction that does not take place in the chemical reaction

bronsted-lowry acid

gives away a proton

bronsted-lowry base

takes in a proton