(Mod 12) After Iraq (Goldberg)

What core problem does Goldberg identify with the modern Middle East map?

It was created artificially by European powers after WWI, ignoring ethnic and sectarian realities, making states inherently fragile.

What major regional conflict may emerge as a result of the Iraq War?

A Sunni–Shia struggle for regional dominance, potentially involving Saudi Arabia and Iran directly or through proxies.

Why is Kurdish independence a central theme in the article?

Kurds were historically oppressed, already functionally independent, and are America’s most reliable allies — making their statehood both moral and strategically significant.

How does Goldberg evaluate neoconservatism vs. realism?

Neocons overestimated democracy’s spread; realists overvalued stability. Goldberg argues the U.S. needs a hybrid approach combining both.

What is Goldberg’s final conclusion about America’s role in the Middle East?

The U.S. cannot reorganize the region according to its interests; it must accept its limits and pursue long‑term, careful engagement.