Periods 5-9 APUSH specific evidence review

For all you APUSH cram studiers who need some specific evidence :) Hopefully in chronological order lol

What was the purpose of the 1862 Homestead act?

To encourage settlers to expand the nation westward

What was the Ostend Manifesto?

1854 document from Southern states planning to take Cuba

When and what was suggested in the Wilmot Proviso that never passed?

1846, all Mexican cession territory is slave-free

What did the Kansas-Nebraska act include?

A repeal of the Missouri compromise in favor of territories choosing to be a free or slave state as they enter the nation

What caused Bloody Kansas?

After the Kansas-Nebraska act enacted popular sovereignty, free and slave state supporters rushed in trying to sway the vote and this ultimately ended in conflict

Why was the election of 1860 so controversial?

Abraham Lincoln of the Republican party won the election without winning a single state from the South

What was the “Cotton is King“ mentality in the South?

The idea that Europe’s dependency on Southern cotton production would lead to them sending aid to The Confederacy

What were some of the key differences between the Confederate Constitution and the US Constitution?

1.) Federal government can’t change tariff

2.) The institution of slavery protected by law

3.) States are in charge of internal improvements

What was the significance of the Battle of Antietam?

It was a decisive Union victory and it further dissuaded Europe from supporting the Confederacy

Though the Civil War did not start out a war to free the slaves, it eventually became so, why?

Primarily to discourage Europe from supporting the South because it would be an unpopular choice back home

When and what was the Seneca falls convention?

1848, a gathering of women and some men campaigning to give women the right to vote

What officially ended Reconstruction?

The election of republican Rutherford B. Hayes was disputed (because of the Republican control of some southern states influencing the vote in their favor) so as a compromise, Democrats asked for the post-war military occupation to end, effectively ending the enforcement for Reconstruction in the South

What did the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo give the US post Mexican-American war?

1.) The land that now comprises the Southwestern US

2.) Drew the border for Texas at the Rio Grande

What Acts passed by President Grant were used to stop the KKK?

The Force Acts of 1870-71

What did the Compromise of 1850 include? (5 main things)

1.) California a free state (Appease North)

2.) Mexican Cession territory decided by popular sovereignty (Appease both)

3.) US will assume all of Texas’s debt (South)

4.) Slave TRADE banned in DC (Better image)

5.) A stricter fugitive slave law (South)

What is the main difference between the book Uncle Tom’s Cabin and The Impending Crisis of the South?

While Uncle Tom’s Cabin is meant to make people feel sympathetic, The Impending Crisis of the South is economic arguments against slavery

What was the ruling of the Dred Scott case?

African American slaves are property; therefore, they cannot sure in court, and the Missouri compromise is Unconstitutional

What was Harper’s ferry?

An attempted raid of arms by radical abolitionist John Brown and his followers to try and force the freedom of slaves

What is the effect of suspending Habeas Corpus? (Like Lincoln did during the Civil War)

It allows perceived enemies to be immediately jailed without a lengthy trial process

Why didn't the Emancipation Proclamation free any slaves initially?

It only applied to Confederate states who, at the moment, were not listening to any Union legislation

What did the Freedmen’s bureau accomplish?

Significantly increased African American literacy rates and established schools

What is the main difference in goals between of Lincoln’s Reconstruction bill and the Republican proposed Wade-Davis bill?

Lincoln was focused on reunifying the nation while the Republicans wanted to punish the South

What did President Andrew Johnson do during Reconstruction that upset many Republicans?

Pardoned a lot of former Confederates

Why is sharecropping sometimes looked back on as another form of slavery?

Because it traps African Americans in a constant cycle of debts to a wealthy land owner (most likely a former slaves owner) and does not allow them to improve their life

What were some of the inventions that made it possible for Homesteaders to settle Westward?

Barbed wire fencing, wells and irrigating crops

What were some progressive groups advocating for regarding Native Americans?

Some wanted to assimilate them into society using boarding schools

How did the Dawes-Severalty Act of 1887 encourage Native American assimilation?

It forced them to stop communal land sharing practices and to farm like a typical frontier settler on a small parcel of land

Which government policies supported big business during this time period?

A high tariff, not disbanding trusts, laissez faire regarding the economy

What was the first National Park established in the United States?

Yellowstone National Park

What court case ruled that Separate but Equal is okay?

Plessy v. Fergusson

What are some ways that black voters were blocked from voting in the South?

Poll taxes, literacy tests, and white only primaries

What was the main difference between Booker T. Washington’s and W.E.B. DuBois’s beliefs about the way to end segregation?

Washington believed that economic contributions of African Americans was the first priority before legislative reform. DuBois on the other hand believed that before any progress could be made, African Americans needed fair legislation.

What did Carnegie call his philanthropy?

The Gospel of Wealth

Why were some nativists afraid of immigrants?

They were worried about them not assimilating into the melting pot and “stealing” their jobs

What were the planks of the Ocala platform which were later championed by the Populist party? (4 big ones)

1.) 8 hour work day

2.) Direct election of senators

3.) Australian/secret ballot

4.) Graduated income tax

5.) Initiatives and referendums

**Bonus Government ownerships of railroads and banks

What are some of the reasons the American Economy grew so much during the Gilded Age?

Cheap immigrant labor, raw materials discovered out West, transportation supply, investments, technology, government is business friendly and laissez faire with the economy

Why are business trusts harmful for consumers?

They keep prices high and ensure only the rich profit

What president was involved in ending the Pullman strike by sending in the national guard?

Grover Cleveland

What were the four progressive amendments and what did they do?

16th: Graduated income tax

17th: Direct election of senators

18th: Prohibited alcohol

19th: Women can vote

What women’s voting advocacy group was founded during the Progressive era and led by Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton?

(NAWSA) National American Women Suffrage Association

Who joined the workforce during the Gilded Age?

Poor women, children, and African Americans

What was the Act that passed which ended the spoils system?

The Pendleton Act, now jobs are by application and qualification

How were Political Machines and Settlement houses similar?

They both helped to feed, educate, provide community and support the poor, even if Political Machines had ulterior motives

What was Social Darwinism used to justify?

The growing gap between rich and poor. In essence, why the wealthy are wealthy

What was the change in Christian beliefs regarding the welfare of the poor during the Gilded Age?

Instead of telling people that if you suffer now you’ll be rich in heaven, they decide to actively help the suffering

What groups wanted bimetallism? (2 main groups)

Miners because it would make what they mine more valuable and farmers because it would help them pay off their debts faster

Why did the US make the Gadsden purchase? (1853)

To acquire more land for the railroads

How did the Spanish-American war put the US on the world stage?

Defeating a major european country allows the US to set the terms in the treaty, acquisition of overseas territories, access to more of the Pacific ocean

What was “Big Sister“ diplomacy?

The idea that the US would take the “little“ South American countries under her wing and protect them

What was the Roosevelt corollary to the Monroe Doctrine and what was its effect on US-South and Central American countries relations?

It added to the previous Doctrine by declaring that the US will essentially play “Loan Shark” with all South American countries to keep Europe out of the that hemisphere

What act was enforced by Pres. Roosevelt that wealthy business owners didn’t like?

The Sherman Anti-trust act

Why did President Taft send in the Marines to Nicaragua in 1911?

He wanted to protect US investments there

What did the Jones act do in the Philippines? (3 main things)

1.) Philippines has territorial status and protections

2.) All men can vote

3.) Eventually US will leave once a stable government is formed

Why did the US end years of neutrality to enter into WW1?

To ensure that Britain could pay back their debts, and public outcry because of the Zimmerman Telegraph

What were some of the main causes of the Great Depression?

Banks over speculating with their customers money, companies falsifying prices, high tariffs, and agricultural over-production

What does the New Deal organization WPA stand for and what did they do?

The Works Progress Administration, they created public works projects there by creating jobs and decreasing unemployment

What commission was created after the Great Depression to regulate the stock market?

The SEC or the Securities Exchange Commision

What did the Neutrality acts do?

Prohibited arms shipments and loans to belligerent nations

What effects of World War II led directly to the Cold War?

The end of colonial rule in many nations left them susceptible to communism and corruption and the development of nuclear weapons

What were some policies/actions during Nixon’s administration that led to Detente (relaxation of Cold war tensions)?

SALT I disarmament treaty, Nixon personally visiting China, and recognizing their government

How did the US prevent recovering European nations from falling to communism?

The US offered to support these nations monetarily while they were recovering, this was called the Marshall Plan

What court ruling overturned Plessy v. Ferguson?

Brown v. Board of Education