Erikson - Stage Theory of Psychosocial Development

Identifies 8 stages during which we face an important issue or crisis. Theory by Erik Erikson.

Trust vs Mistrust

1. Infancy (0-1 year) 

2. Virtue: Hope

3. Description: Trust (or mistrust) that basic needs, such as nourishment and affection, will be met. 

Autonomy vs Shame/Doubt

1. Early childhood (1-3 years) 

2. Virtue: Will

3. Description: Develop a sense of independence, making decisions. 

Initiative vs Guilt

1. Play age (3-6 years) 

2. Virtue: Purpose

3. Description: Take initiative/ action on some activities - may develop guilt when unsuccessful or boundaries are overstepped.

Industry vs Inferiority

1. School age (7-11 years) 

2. Virtue: Competence

3. Description: Develop self-confidence in abilities when competent or sense of inferiority when not. 

Identity vs Confusion

1. Adolescence (12-18 years) 

2. Virtue: Fidelity 

3. Description: Experiment with and develop identity and roles.

Intimacy vs Isolation

1. Early adulthood (19-29 years) 

2. Virtue: Love

3. Description: Establish intimacy and relationships with others.

Generativity vs Stagnation

1. Middle age (30-64 years) 

2. Virtue: Care

3. Description: Contribute to society and be part of a family.

Integrity vs Despair

1. Old age (65 onward) 

2. Virtue: Wisdom

3. Description: Assess and make sense of life and meaning of contributions.

Social Identity

• the “we” aspect of our self concept; our answer to “who am I?” that comes from our group membership.