15th-26th

15th Amendment

15th Amendment

black voting rights

19th Amendment

womans voting rights

24th Amendment

Prohibits poll taxes

26th Amendment

Lowers the voting age from 21 to 18

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Outlaws discriminatory voting practices and authorizes federal oversight of voter registration.

Baker v. Carr

Established the principle of 'one person, one vote,' requiring equal representation in legislative districts.

Shaw v. Reno

Limited racial gerrymandering, stating that race cannot be the predominant factor in drawing district lines.

Shelby County v. Holder

Constitutionality of Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, it was outdated and discriminatory. Diminished federal interference; states controlled voting system.

Gerrymandering

Manipulating district boundaries to favor a particular party or group.

Redistricting

The process of redrawing electoral districts after each census.

20th Amendment

inauguration from March to January 20.

22nd Amendment

two terms, max 10 years

25th Amendment

presidential succession

Presidential line of succession

VP --> Speaker of the House --> Pres. Pro Temp --> Cabinet Secretaries

Invoking the 25th Amendment

President signs written letter informing cabinet & Congress of temporarily resigning from duties of the president; signs 2nd letter to reinstate

Who controls election procedures?

states

Reserved Powers

powers for the states

Federalism & the Voting Rights Act

States argued that election procedures are powers of the state governments

Cabinet Invokes 25th Amendment

Vice President & majority Cabinet or Congress can invoke the 25th Amendment and remove President of duties

17th Amendment

direct election of senators