CHES Annotation Review

8 Areas of Responsibility of a CHES

Assessment of Needs and Capacity

Planning

Implementation

Evaluation and Research

Advocacy

Communication

Leadership and Management

Ethics and Professionalism

Root Causes of Racial and Ethnic Disparities and Inequities

Individual and Behavioral

Societal

Environmental

Medical Care Factors

Technical Assistance Methods

One-on-one consultations - in person, telephones, email, chat

Coaching

Group-based capacity building

Informal and formal networking among colleagues of similar interest

Diffusion of Innovations Theory

• Community Level

• Used to describe the rate at which a new program or activity will spread throughout a group of people

• Helps explain community readiness to change

Diffusion of Innovations Theory Vocab

Innovators - the first to adopt the new idea or program

Early Adopters - wait until after the innovators adopt

Early Majority - adopt once the opinion leaders have done so

Late Majority - adopt once the new idea or program becomes the norm

Laggards - the last to adopt or they may never adopt

Community Organization/Mobilization

The process in which community groups identify problems or goals for change, mobilize internal and external resources, and deliver strategies to reach goals

Ecological Models

• Focused on the interaction of the individual and environment

• Can be affected at 5 levels

  • intrapersonal

  • interpersonal

  • organizational

  • community

  • public policy

Evidence-based Strategies / Public Health

• The application of observation-theory-, and science-based experiments (evidence) to improve the health of populations

Social Cognitive Theory

• Self-efficacy

  • Person’s confidence in his ability to do a behavior

• Knowledge

  • Person’s understanding of the information on health topic or behavior, and risks and benefits of performing behavior

• Skills

  • Person’s ability to do a behavior

• Outcome Expectations

  • Person’s judgement on the results of the behavioral action

• Observational Learning

  • Learning new information and behaviors by watching others do a behavior

• Normative Beliefs

  • Norms and beliefs about the behavior from those around the person

• Social support or reinforcement

  • Encouragement and reinforcement a person get from his or her network of friends and relatives

Theory of Reasoned Action and Planned Behavior

Behavioral intention as key in determining behavior and assume that behavior change is influenced by a person’s attitude toward the outcome and the social or subjective norms of people important in the person’s life

Health Belief Model

• Behavior change model

• Individual Level

• Provides an understanding about why individuals did not act on information specific to prevention or disease detection

6 Constructs of Health Belief Model

• Perceived susceptibility - there is risk for the disease

• Perceived severity - there are serious consequences to contracting/developing the disease

• Perceived benefits - there are benefits to taking action to prevent or control the disease

• Perceived barriers - there are consequences to taking action against the disease

• Cues to Action - cues or triggers that encourage a person to take action

• Self-efficacy - there is confidence in taking action against the disease

Transtheoretical Model / Stages of Change

its planned interventions can be used to reach people where they are in their motivation for changing a particular behavior.

Transtheoretical Model / Stages of Change Constructs

• Stages of change

• processes of change

• decisional balance

• self-efficacy

Stages of the Transtheoretical Model / Stages of Change

• Precontemplation

  • person is not interested in addressing the problem, they are unaware, or in denial about problem

• Contemplation

  • person is aware there is a problem and intends to do something about it within the next 6 months

• Preparation

  • person has taken steps and plans to address the problem in the next month

• Action

  • person has taken action (changed behavior) within past 6 months

• Maintenance

  • person has maintained the behavior change for more than 6 months

• Termination

  • person has no temptation to return to the old behavior