World History Revolutionary War

Enlightenment: The power of individuals to solve problems also known as the age of reasons.

Enlightenment Philosophers and their philosophies (know two):

John Locke is a philosopher that had a different positive view of human nature. Jean Jaques Rousseau was passionately committed to individual freedom.

Laissez-Faire Economics:

Adam Smith's work remains a cornerstone for understanding how free markets can drive economic growth without heavy state trespassing.

His ideas have influenced generations of economists and policymakers, solidifying his place as a central figure in the development and promotion of laissez-faire economic thought.

Social Contract:

In the 1650s Thomas Hobbes created Leviathan. An English civil war broke out that convinced Hobbes humans were selfish and bad. Hobbes created a social contract to make an agreement so people created a government.

This is Significant because he wanted to escape a break in life and handed life to a stronger ruler. He gained order and law. Without the glove there would be multiple breakouts.

Separation of Powers:

A constitutional principle that divides the United states government into three branches, legislative, executive and judicial purpose. This prevents any one branch from becoming too powerful.

Classical Liberalism:

A political tradition and a branch of liberalism that advocates free market and laissez-faire economics and civil liberties under the rule of law with special emphasis on individual autonomy, limited government, economic freedom, and freedom of speech.

Popular Sovereignty:

Is the idea that the people are the source of all political power and authority. a political principle that governments are created by the consent of the people and should serve their needs.

Political Revolutions: Change in the kIng having power to us having power.

Old/Ancient Regime: Social-political system which existed in most of europe. This takes place during the 18th century.

French Revolution:

The French Revolution was a period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799 that led to the end of monarchy, rise of democracy, and inspired revolutions worldwide.

The French Revolution is significant because it challenged the traditional structures of power and authority in France, leading to the establishment of a republic and influencing future democratic movements around the globe.

Causes for the French Revolution:

The causes of the French Revolution include social inequality, financial crisis, and Enlightenment ideas. The Third Estate was unhappy with their lack of power, taxes were high, and people were inspired by new ideas about liberty and equality.

These causes are important because they set off a movement that changed France and influenced many other countries. The social structure was unfair, the economy was struggling, and the Enlightenment introduced new ways of thinking about government and rights.

Three Estates (know all three):

The Three Estates were a social hierarchy in France before the French Revolution, consisting of the First Estate (clergy), Second Estate (nobility), and Third Estate (common people).

These Estates were significant because they represented the unequal distribution of power and privilege in French society, which led to the discontent that sparked the French Revolution. The Third Estate, which made up the majority of the population, had little power compared to the other two, highlighting social injustice.

Estates General Louis XVI:

The Estates General, a French legislative assembly representing the clergy, nobility, and commoners, was convened by Louis XVI in 1789 to address the financial crisis. Its meeting led to the National Assembly's formation and ignited the French Revolution, shifting power from the monarchy to the people.

The Estates General was significant because it was the first time since 1614 that it was convened, indicating a major crisis in the French monarchy. The assembly highlighted the inequalities between the estates and the frustrations of the common people, which ultimately led to revolutionary changes in France.

Industrial Revolutions: a surge in machine-made goods production that began in England in the mid-1700s.

Domestic vs. Factory system: The Domestic system the worker makes things at home. They use hand tools and the workers do everything themselves.

Reasons why the Industrial Revolution began in Great Britain:

In the 1800s, The Industrial Revolution began in Britain due to abundant natural resources, a strong banking system, political stability, and a vast empire providing markets and raw materials.

These factors fueled industrial growth: natural resources powered factories, financial support drove innovation, political stability encouraged investment, and the empire's markets sustained demand.

Capitalism/Capitalist: an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and their operation for profit (basically wealthy person)

Socialism: french reformers and charles fourier, saint-simon, and others promoted this.

Karl Marx

father or communisum