Arch 240 quiz 2 vocab

Arthur Evans

british archaeologist who excavated the palace of Knossos in crete to find what he called Minoan civilization

Heinrich Schliemann

discovered troy in turkey and ravaged the site so that he could prove it was troy. also discovered the site of mycenae

Mycenean

a group of people that settled on the greek mainland around 2000 BCE. Their leading city was Mycenae which could withstand any attack. Tehri nobles lived in splendor and these people invaded many surrounding kingdoms

Hittites

the group of people who toppled the babylonian empire

Minoan

a mediterranean society that formed on the island of crete and were a big maritime society

megaron

the great central hall of the house, usually contains a center hearth

labyrinth

a complicated network of winding passages

tholos (tholoi)

a temple with a circular plan, also the burial chamber of a tholos tomb

Ashlar masonry

a carefully cut and grooved stones that support a building without the use of concrete or other kinds of masonry

piano nobile

the main living floor of a house generally raised a story above ground level

polychromy

the art of painting in several different colors, ancient pottery, sculpture and architecture

polis

a city-state in ancient greece

beehive chamber

a structure characterized by its false dome created by the superposition of successively smaller rings of mud bricks or more often stones

dromos

a passage leading to a tholos tomb

rubble masonry

a masonry composed of rough broken stones

fresco

paintings made on top of wet plaster walls

Ionians

costal region of central anatolia (turkey) where a number of ancient greek settlements were located

Dorians

a greek speaking people who migrated into mainland greece after the destruction of the mycenean civilization

cella (naos)

inner, main area of a temple

prostyle

a classical temple plan in which the columns are only in front of the cella and not on sides or back

peripteral

a temple surrounded by a single row of columns

distyle

having 2 columns at the front

hexastyle

having 6 columns at the front

enneastyle

having 9 columns at the front

pronaos

vestibule at the front of the temple, enclosed by portico

doric

most plain of the canionic orders

triglyph

tablet with 3 grooves, in the frieze

tympanum

recessed triangular space within the pediment, sometimes decorated

cornice

top of the roof, the overhang

frieze

broad band of painted or sculpted decoration in the entablature

abacus

flat slab on top of a columns capital

capital

top of column, different types

column

structural element

order

several styles of architecture that are classified by the type of column

stereobate

masonry at the base of a wall or columns, foundation

gable

part of the wall that encloses a pitched roof

double peristyle

2 rows of columns surrounding the exterior of the temple

pteron

a peristyle temple on a tall podium instead of a stylobate

adyton

restricted area within the cella of a temple

arris

a sharp edge formed by the meeting of 2 flat or curved surfaces

anta (antae)

pilaster of slight projection terminating the walls of a cella

amphiprostyle

a classical temple plan in which the columns are placed on both the front and back but not the sides

dipteral

a classical temple with a double row of columns on all sides

tetrastyle

having 4 columns at the front

octastyle

having 8 columns at the front

decastyle

having 10 columns at the front

stylobate

continuous base supporting a row of columns

ionic

metope

square space in between the triglyphs, in the frieze

acroterium

ornament at the top of the pediment

entablature

continuous lintel on the top of the roof

architrave

main beam resting on top of the columns

echinus

rounded molding below the abacus on a doric or ionic capital

shaft

main part of the column

volute

spiral scroll in ionic capitals

base

bottom of a column

pediment

triangular part above the front opening

soffit

underside of the roof eave

dentil

small rectangular blocks on the soffit of the cornice, looks like teeth

flute(d)

having grooves/ the grooves in a column

opisthodomos

rear room at the end of a greek temple

Perikles

-prominent greek statesman general of athens -carried athens through its golden age

auditorium

a large room or hall where people gather to hear speakers or view performances

cavea

a 3 tiered seating section based on class

propylaia

a monumental entranceway to a sacred enclosure

agora

the open space in town used as a marketplace or general meeting place

portico

an ancient greek covered walkway having columns on one side and a wall on the other at entrance

proscenium

the part of a theater stage in front of the curtain

caryatid

a female figure that functions as a supporting column

mosaic

art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass

orchestra

a circular dancing place where actors and chorus performed

skene

the building or room behind the orchestra used as a dressing room in the greek theater

temenos

a sacred enclosure built to separate the ancient temple from the rest of the city

stoa

a roof supported by columns forming a porch or covered walkway

bouleuterion

an ancient greek council hall

porch

a structure attached to the exterior or a building often forming a covered entrance

amphitheater

an oval building with tiers of seats (typically outdoors)

entasis

the slight swelling or bulge in the center of a column which corrects the illusion of concave tapering produced by parallel or straight lines

Alexander the Great

Alexander III of macedon, ruled one of the largest empiers from india to greece

corinthian

3rd of classical orders, most elaborate

arcuated

shaped or bent in an arc or bow

arch

curved symmetrical structure spanning an opening, supports weight above it

module

a standardized part or unit that can be used to construct a more complex structure

acanthus

plant found in ornamentation

kouros

statue of young greek man

hypaethral

having no roof, open to the sky

keystone

central stone in the middle of an arch

vault

a roof made of arches/ a series of arches

annular vault

a vault rising from 2 walls that are circular

rustication

the masonry is smooth, but has a rough finish

pseudoperipteral

having free-standing columns at each end, with engaged columns along the side

coffer (coffering)

a series of recessed shapes in the ceiling

Concrete

building material made from gravel, sand, cement, and water

circus

a large open-air venue, mainly used for horse races

tuscan order

one of two classic roman orders

roman concrete

lime, sand, water, pozzolana

voussoir

other stones that make up an arch

barrel vault

a continuous shaped arch

groin vault

2 perpendicular barrel vaults

arcade

a series of arches