APUSH Test #3

market revolution

shift from subsistence farming to buying and selling goods in a national market

era of good feelings

time of national unity with one political party after war of 1812

sectionalism

loyalty to region over the nation

nationalism

pride and loyalty to the entire country

american system

henry clay’s plan using tariffs, national bank, and internal improvements to grow economy

protective tariff

tax on imports to protect American industry

second bank of the united states

national bank that regulated currency and loans

panic of 1819

first major economic depression caused by bank failures and over-speculation

missouri compromise

missouri slave, Maine free, slavery banned north of 36 30 line

mcculloch v maryland

supreme court case that strengthened federal power over states

gibbions v ogden

federal government controls interstate commerce

monroe doctrine

us warns europe not to colonize in the americas

corrupt bargain

alleged deal that made John Quincy Adams president in 1824

election 1824/1828

elections that led to rise of Andrew Jackson and more democratic politics

industrial revolution

shift to machine based manufacturing

urbanization

growth of cities due to factory jobs

nativism

anti-immigrant feelings

american party (know nothings)

political party that opposed immigrants

erie canal

water way connecting great lakes to Atlantic ocean, boosting trade

baltimore and Ohio railroad

first major railroad in us

telegraph

device that allowed instant long-distance communication

interchangeable parts

identical parts used for mass production

lowell system

factory system employing young women

waltham system

early factory system combining all production steps in one place

lowell girls

women who worked in textile mills

cult of domesticity

idea that women should stay home and focus on family

john deere

invented steel plow

cyrus mccormick

invented mechanical reaper

king cotton

cotton dominated southern economy

planter class

wealthy southern slave owners

peculiar institution

term used to describe slavery

house slave vs. field slave

house slaves worked indoors and field slaves worked in fields

denmark vesey

planned slave rebellion in south carolina

transcendentalists

believed individualism, nature, and self reliance

ralph waldo emerson

leader of transcendentalism

civil disobedience

refusing to follow unjust laws peacefully

utopian societies

communities trying to create perfect societies

oneida community

utopian group that practiced shared property

burned over district

area of intense religious revival in new york

charles finney

preacher of second great awakening

temperance

movement to reduce or eliminate alcohol

horace mann

leader of public education reform

dorothea dix

reformer for mental health institutions

seneca falls convention

first women's rights convention

elizabeth Cady stanton

womens rights leader

lucretia mott

women’s rights activist

shakers

religious group supporting equality and simple living

william Lloyd garrison

radical abolitionist who published the liberator

frederick douglass

former slave and abolitionist speaker/writer

american colonization society

group that sent freed slaves to africa

sarah and Angelina grimke

southern sisters who spoke against slavery

nat turner

led violent slave rebellion in virgina

gabriel prosser

planned slave rebellion in virgina

manifest destiny

belief that the us was destined to expand westward

stephe austin

led American settlement in texas

remember the alamo

rallying cry after Texans were defeated

lone star Republic

independent texas before joining us

sam houston

leader of Texas and hero of San jacinto

oregon trail

route settlers used to move west

james k polk

president who supported expansion and Mexican war

mexican war

war between us and Mexico over land (1846-1848)

treaty of Guadalupe hidalgo

ended Mexican war, gave us large land

mexican cession

land gained from mexico

wilmot proviso

proposal to ban slavery in new territories

free soil party

opposed expansion of slavery

gold rush/49ers

migration to California for gold

gadsden purchase

land bought from Mexico for railroad

compromise of 1850

attempt to balance free/slave states

popular sovereignty

people vote on slavery

fugitive slave law

required return of escaped slaves

harriet tubman

helped slaves escape through underground railroad

uncle Tom's cabin

book that exposed cruelty of slavery

kansas-nebraska act

allowed popular sovereignty led to violence

bleeding kansas

violent conflict over slavery

republican party

anti-slavery expansion party

john brown

radical abolitionist who led raids

dred scott v. Stanford

ruled slaves not citizens, slavery allowed anywhere

lincoln Douglas debates

debates over slavery expansion

freeport doctrine

allowed territories to limit slavery

harpers ferry raid

john browns failed slave revolt attempt

election of 1860

lincoln wins, south secedes

confederacy

southern states that seceded

jefferson davis

president of confederacy

fort sumter

first battle of civil war

anaconda plan

union strategy to blockade south

conscription

draft into army

copperheads

northerners who opposed the war

habeas corpus

right to not be jailed without reason

george mcclellan

union general

emancipation proclamation

freed slaves in rebelling states

54th massachusetts

african American union regiment

abraham lincoln

president of union

ulysses s. grant

union general who defeated south

robert e. lee

confederate general

antietam

bloodiest battle, led to emancipation

gettysburg

turning point battle

vicksburg

union gains control of mississippi river

william t. sherman

used total war srategy

march to the sea

sherman destroyed southern infrastructure

appomattox court house

lee surrendered, war ended