CH. 7 Sci

Chromosome

A structure found in the nucleus of a cell that contains genetic material passed from generation to generation.

Gene

A section of genetic material that codes for specific traits inherited by offspring.

Nucleus

An organelle that houses genetic material and directs most cellular activities.

Mitochondria

Organelles that convert chemical energy stored in food into a usable form of energy for cells.

Chloroplasts

Organelles that capture energy from sunlight and convert it into an energy form that cells can use to make food.

Vacuole

An organelle that stores substances such as water, food, and waste materials.

Ribosome

A cell structure that produces proteins necessary for many cellular functions.

DNA (Deoxyribonucleic acid)

The genetic material that makes up chromosomes and encodes inherited traits.

Trait

An inherited characteristic or feature of an organism.

Adaptation

An inherited characteristic that enhances an organism's ability to survive and reproduce.

Behavioral adaptation

A behavior or action that helps an organism survive in its environment.

Structural adaptation

Variations in physical features of an organism that help it survive and reproduce.

Physiological adaptation

Internal changes in an organism that permit it to perform special functions essential for survival.

Cell membrane

A barrier that surrounds all cells, controlling what enters and exits the cell.

Cell wall

A rigid protective covering found outside the cell membrane in many plant and bacterial cells.

Cytoplasm

A thick fluid-like substance that fills the interior of a cell and suspends organelles.

Organelles

Tiny structures within a cell that perform specific functions essential for cell survival.

Inheritance

The process through which traits are passed from parents to offspring through genetic material.

Variation

Differences within a species that can affect appearance, behavior, and physiology.