Grammar and Writing Skills Course Notes

A set of vocabulary flashcards defining key grammar and writing concepts covered in the course.

Common Nouns

Nouns that name general people, places, things, or ideas.

Proper Nouns

Nouns that name specific people, places, or things and always begin with a capital letter.

Concrete Nouns

Nouns that refer to things that can be perceived through the senses.

Abstract Nouns

Nouns that refer to ideas, qualities, or states that cannot be perceived physically.

Countable Nouns

Nouns that can be counted and have singular and plural forms.

Uncountable Nouns

Nouns that cannot be counted and do not have plural forms.

Pronoun

A word that takes the place of a noun.

Personal Pronouns

Pronouns that refer to people or things.

Possessive Determiners

Words that show ownership and come before a noun.

Verb

A word that expresses an action, an occurrence, or a state of being.

Action Verbs

Verbs that express physical or mental actions and show what someone or something does.

State Verbs

Verbs that describe a state, condition, feeling, or possession, and do not show physical actions.

Verb to Be

A special verb used to connect the subject with more information about it.

Adjective

A word that describes or modifies a noun or pronoun.

Adverb

A word that describes or modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.

Adverbs of Manner

Adverbs that describe how something happens and answer the question 'How?'.

Adverbs of Time

Adverbs that describe when something happens and answer the question 'When?'.

Adverbs of Frequency

Adverbs that describe how often something happens and answer the question 'How often?'.

Adverbs of Place

Adverbs that describe where something happens and answer the question 'Where?'.

Preposition

A word that shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and another word in the sentence.

Prepositions of Time

Prepositions that tell us when something happens.

Prepositions of Place

Prepositions that tell us where something is located or to where it is going.

Conjunction

A word that connects words, phrases, or clauses.

Coordinating Conjunctions

Conjunctions that join words, phrases, or independent clauses of equal importance.

Interjection

A word or short phrase used to express strong feelings or emotions, usually followed by an exclamation mark.

Declarative Sentences

Sentences that make a statement, give information, or express an idea, ending with a period.

Interrogative Sentences

Sentences that ask a question and request information, ending with a question mark.

Imperative Sentences

Sentences that give a command, make a request, offer advice, or give an instruction.

Exclamatory Sentences

Sentences that express strong feeling or emotion, ending with an exclamation mark.

Affirmative Sentences

Sentences that express that something is true or happens.

Negative Sentences

Sentences that express that something is not true or does not happen.

Present Simple

A verb tense used to express general truths or facts, habits and routines, or scheduled events.

Past Simple

A verb tense used to express actions completed at a specific time in the past or a series of completed actions.

Future Simple

A verb tense used to express actions that will happen in the future, predictions, promises, offers, or decisions made at the moment of speaking.

Present Continuous

A verb tense used to express actions happening now at the moment of speaking, around now, or temporary situations.

Present Perfect

A verb tense used to express life experiences, actions starting in the past continuing to the present, unspecified past actions, or present results.

Topic Sentence

The first sentence of a paragraph that tells the reader the main idea or what the paragraph is about.

Supporting Details

Sentences in a paragraph that explain, describe, or give examples about the main idea.