Crises of the Middle Ages

These flashcards cover significant events, figures, and concepts related to the crises of the Middle Ages, including the Great Famine, Black Death, Hundred Years War, and key changes in the church.

What was the Great Famine and its impact?

The Great Famine (1315-1316) destroyed harvests, leading to no seeds in 1317 and causing widespread hunger.

What did the Bubonic/Pneumonic Plague (Black Death) result in?

40-60% of the population of Europe was killed between 1347-1352.

What was 'Memento Mori'?

A reminder of death, highlighted during the plague.

Who were the Flagellants and what did they believe?

They believed their sins caused the plague and imposed penance on themselves.

What were the consequences faced by Jews during the plague?

Many believed Jews were responsible for the plague, leading to the slaughter of thousands, particularly in Germany.

What were some lasting effects of the Black Death?

It weakened traditional social bonds and respect for authorities, while labor shortages resulted in new industries and higher wages.

What was the Hundred Years War and who were the combatants?

A conflict from 1337 to 1453 between England and France.

What were significant weapons introduced during the Hundred Years War?

New weapons included pikes, English longbows, and early handguns.

What was the significance of Joan of Arc?

A French peasant and national hero who helped France win the Hundred Years' War but was captured and burned for heresy.

What were the effects of the Hundred Years War on England and France?

France became economically weakened but politically unified, while England faced economic challenges that led to textile development.

What was the English Peasant's Revolt and who led it?

The revolt in 1381 led by Wat Tyler, protesting taxes for the Hundred Years War.

What was the Avignon Papacy?

The period from 1309 to 1377 when the papacy was briefly moved to France.

What was the Great Papal Schism?

The split from 1378 to 1417 involving multiple popes: Clement VII, Alexander V, and Urban VI.

What was the Conciliar Movement?

A movement that peaked in 1449, emphasizing that the Church must not abandon the faithful and allowed secular control.