2.6- Industrial employee relations (HL)

Industrial Dispute

A disagreement between an employer and its employees, often represented by a trade union, over some aspect of the terms or conditions of employment.

Trade Unions

Organizations of workers established to protect and improve the economic position and working conditions of their members.

Collective Bargaining

Negotiation between employers and representatives of employees, normally trade union officials.

Industrial Action

A term that describes a range of actions that employees can take during a dispute with an employer to reduce or halt production.

Work-to-Rule

A type of industrial action where employees will not perform any duties outside of their contract.

Employment Contract

A legal agreement between an employer and an employee which sets out the terms and conditions of employment.

Strike Action

When a group of employees refuses to work during a dispute with an employer.

No-Strike Agreement

A deal between employers and trade unions where the union agrees to refrain from strike action in exchange for a pay and conditions package.

Arbitration

A procedure for resolving disputes where parties agree to be bound by the decision of a third party; can be binding or non-binding.

Conciliation

A method of resolving disputes where a neutral third party encourages the continuation of negotiations.

Employee Participation

The involvement of employees in the decision-making process within a business.

Industrial Democracy

The ways in which employees can influence decisions taken within a business.

Mayo's Theory

Emphasizes the importance of social contact and human interaction in motivation.

Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs

A theory asserting that businesses should provide opportunities for employees to fulfill higher needs such as status and recognition.

Herzberg's Motivators

Factors identified by Frederick Herzberg that are central to improving employee performance at work.

Lockout

A situation in which an employer prevents employees from entering their workplace as a means of applying pressure during an industrial dispute.

Gig Economy

A labor market characterized by short-term contracts or freelance work as opposed to permanent jobs.

Labor Market

The supply and demand for labor, where employees are hired and workers seek jobs.

Minimum Wage

The lowest wage that employers can legally pay their employees.

Job Description

A list of the duties, responsibilities, and qualifications required for a specific job.

Recruitment

The process of attracting, screening, and selecting qualified candidates for a job.

Onboarding

The process of integrating a new employee into a company and its culture.

Performance Appraisal

A systematic evaluation of an employee's performance in a job.

Employee Benefits

Non-wage compensation provided to employees, such as health insurance, retirement plans, etc.

Job Satisfaction

The feeling of fulfillment or enjoyment that an employee derives from their job.

Workplace Diversity

The inclusion of individuals from various backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives in the workplace.

Talent Acquisition

The strategic approach to identifying, attracting, and onboarding top talent.

Employee Retention

The ability of an organization to keep its employees over time.

Organizational Culture

The shared values, beliefs, and norms that influence the behavior of individuals within an organization.

Labor Union

A group of workers who come together to achieve common goals, such as better working conditions.

Employee Engagement

The emotional commitment an employee has to their organization and its goals.

Job Fair

An event where employers and job seekers come together to discuss employment opportunities.

Work-Life Balance

The equilibrium between personal life and professional responsibilities.

Human Resource Management

The strategic approach to managing an organization's employees.

Disciplinary Action

Measures taken by an employer to address inappropriate employee behavior.

Succession Planning

The process of identifying and developing new leaders who can replace old leaders when they leave.

Job Rotation

A practice where employees are shifted between different tasks to promote experience and learning.

Exit Interview

A meeting conducted with an employee who is leaving the organization to gather feedback.

Workplace Policies

Guidelines that dictate how certain situations should be handled within a workplace.

Psychometric Testing

Standardized tests that measure a candidate's mental capabilities and behavioral style.

Freelancing

A form of self-employment where individuals offer their services to clients without long-term commitment.

Internship

A temporary position that provides practical experience in a particular field.

Leadership Development

Strategies and programs aimed at enhancing the skills of individuals in leadership roles.

Team Building

Activities aimed at enhancing social relations and defining roles within teams.

Job Enlargement

Increasing the number of tasks a worker is responsible for, to make the job more varied.

Job Enrichment

Enhancing a job by adding more meaningful tasks to increase motivation.

Shareholder Value

A business strategy that aims to maximize the financial returns of shareholders.

Continuous Improvement

An ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes over time.

Workplace Safety

Policies and procedures designed to ensure the safety and health of employees.

Occupational Health

A field concerned with the health, safety, and welfare of people at work.