Independence Movements in Asia and Africa

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to independence movements in Asia and Africa during the twentieth century.

National Self-Determination

The principle that people have the right to determine their own political status and govern themselves.

Decolonization

The process by which colonies gain independence from colonial powers, often involving political reforms and social upheaval.

Conjuncture

The combination of several events or developments at a particular time that contribute to a significant change, such as the end of colonial empires.

Anticolonial Movements

Movements advocating for the end of colonial rule and the establishment of independent nation-states.

Partition

The division of a country into separate, independent states, often accompanied by violence and displacement.

Nationalism

A political ideology that emphasizes the interests and culture of a particular nation, often in opposition to colonial rule.

Hindu-Muslim Divide

The sociopolitical tensions and divisions between Hindu and Muslim communities in India, particularly regarding representation in the independence movement.

Mahatma Gandhi

A key leader in India's struggle for independence known for his philosophy of nonviolence and civil disobedience.

Apartheid

A system of institutionalized racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa that existed until the early 1990s.

Education and Elitism

The role of Western-educated elites in leading independence movements, often contrasted with the everyday experiences of ordinary people.

Independence Leaders

Key figures such as Gandhi, Nehru, Sukarno, Ho Chi Minh, and Mandela who played significant roles in the struggles for independence in their respective countries.

Guerrilla Warfare

A form of irregular warfare where small groups use tactics like ambushes and sabotage to fight larger, traditional military forces.