B, P, S Factors on Visual Perception

Perception

The process of organizing and interpreting sensory information resulting in conscious awareness of our world.

Biological Factors

Internal genetic and/or physiologically based factors affecting perception, particularly relating to the function of the eyes.

Psychological Factors

Internal factors pertaining to an individual's mental processes, influencing how visual information is organized and interpreted.

Social Factors

External factors related to an individual's interactions and relationships within their environment, influencing perception.

Monocular Depth Cues

Visual information cues that rely on input from one eye to perceive depth and distance.

Binocular Depth Cues

Visual information cues that rely on input from both eyes to perceive depth and distance.

Rods

Photoreceptors in the retina that enable vision in low light conditions.

Cones

Photoreceptors in the retina that allow for color vision and perception of fine details in well-lit conditions.

Perceptual Set

A predisposition to perceive certain features of sensory stimuli while ignoring others deemed irrelevant.

Gestalt Principles

Rules that guide how visual stimuli are organized and interpreted, including proximity, similarity, figure-ground, and closure.

Relative Size

A monocular depth cue where larger objects are perceived as closer than smaller objects.

Linear Perspective

A monocular depth cue where parallel lines appear to converge in the distance, indicating depth.

Retinal Disparity

The slight difference between the images received by each eye, which helps perceive depth.

Convergence

The physical turning in of our eyes when focusing on close objects, signaling to the brain that the object is near.

Accommodation

The process of the lens bulging or flattening to focus light on the retina depending on the distance of the object.

Colour Blindness

A vision abnormality where individuals have difficulty distinguishing certain colors due to defective photoreceptors.

Refractory Errors

Defects in the eye that prevent it from properly bending light, leading to reduced visual acuity.

Height in visual field

The closer objects are to the horizon line the further they appear

Interposition

When objects overlap with one another, we perceive the object that is covered being further away

Texture Gradient

The greater the detail of an object the closer it appears

Proximity Principle

Our brain’s tendency to group items based on their physical closeness

Similarity Principle

The brain’s tendency to group parts of an image that are similar

Figure-Ground Principle

The tendency for some figures to be seen in front of an image

Closure Principle

Our brain’s ability to mentally complete images

Depth Cues

Visual clues that allow someone to perceive the world in three dimensions and judge the distance and position of objects in their environment

Motion Parallax

Use the perception of movement to determine how far away things are

Pictorial Depth Cues

Aspects of paintings of drawings that can be manipulated by artists to depict depth: Relative Size, Height in the visual field, Linear perspective, Interposition, Texture Gradient