MCAP Study Combined Set

French and Indian War

A series of battles between British North American Colonies and France for control over the Ohio River Valley, acting as a precursor to the American Revolution.

British and Colonial Acts

Laws passed by the British Parliament in the 18th century to tighten control over American colonies, leading to protests and escalating tensions.

American Revolution

A period in the 18th century where American colonies sought independence from British rule due to taxes, trade restrictions, and lack of representation.

Articles of Confederation

The first U.S. constitution adopted in 1781, establishing a weak central government with limited powers, leading to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution in 1787.

Constitutional Convention

Held in 1787 in Philadelphia, leading to The Great Compromise and the creation of a stronger federal government through the U.S. Constitution.

United States Constitution

Constructed in 1787, a pivotal document establishing a more perfect union and lasting impact on the U.S.

Ratification of the Constitution

The official approval of the U.S. Constitution in 1788, becoming the supreme law after intense debates among states.

The Early Republic

A time of transition marked by expansion, including the Louisiana Purchase and Lewis & Clark Expedition, shaping Modern America.

War of 1812

Fought between the U.S. and Great Britain from 1812 to 1815 over trade, western expansion, and Native American policies, ending with the Treaty of Ghent.

Sectional Growth

Economic division in America affecting slavery tolerance, leading to the North's industrial growth and abolitionist stance versus the South's focus on agriculture and slavery.

Jackson Era

The period of Andrew Jackson's presidency marked by controversial policies like the Bank War, Indian Removal Act, and the Nullification Crisis.

Social Reform Movements

Reforms in the U.S. for 20 years addressing issues like abolition, labor, and women's rights to improve treatment and rights.

Westward Expansion

Movement encouraging settlers to move west, leading to economic growth through the California Gold Rush and connections between East and West Coast.

Path to Union

Disagreements over slavery, westward expansion, and events like the Kansas-Nebraska Act leading to the split between the North (Union) and South (Confederacy).

Civil War

A bloody conflict fought between the Union and Confederacy from 1861 to 1865, sparked by Lincoln's presidency and ended at Appomattox Courthouse.

Reconstruction

The post-Civil War era from 1865 to 1877, marked by amendments abolishing slavery and addressing its consequences, transforming the U.S.

Time of French Indian War

(May 28, 1754 – February 10, 1763)

Time of Brit Colonial Acts

(1760-1775)

Time of American Revolution

(March 22, 1765 – September 3, 1783)

Time of Articles of Confederation in effect

(March 1, 1781-1789)

Time of Constitutional Convention

(May 1787)

Time of US Constitution written

(1787)

Time of Ratification of Constitution

(June 21, 1788) 

Time of Early Republic

(1780-1830)

Time of War of 1812

(June 18, 1812 – February 18, 1815)

Time of Sectional Growth

(1800 - 1850)

Time of Jackson Era

(March 4, 1829 - March 4, 1837)

Time of Social Reform Movements

19th Century

Time of Westward Expansion

(1801-1861)

Time of Civil War

(April 12, 1861 – April 9, 1865)

Time of Reconstruction

(1865-1877)

When was the Proclamation established?

1763

What happened in the Proclamation?

It restricted colonists to expand west of the Appalachian mountains and led to the French and Indian War.

What were the reactions from the Proclamation?

It angered colonists as they were not able to expand west and felt their rights being violated by the King.

When was the Sugar Act passed?

1764

What did the Sugar Act do?

It taxed sugar and other goods not from Britain. It was a way for Britain to control colonial trade.

What were the reactions from the Sugar Act?

The colonists felt it was an unfair tax, so they protested, attacked tax collectors, and smuggled sugar.

When was the Quartering Act passed?

1765

What did the Quartering Act do?

It forced the colonists to give shelter and supplies to the British soldiers.

What were the reactions from the Quartering Act?

The colonists felt they should not have to pay for British soldiers and protested the Act.

When was the Stamp Act passed?

1765

What did the Stamp Act do?

It taxed many printed goods made in the colonies.

What were the reactions from the Stamp Act?

Rallied “No taxation without representation”, boycotts, and violence

When were the Townshend Acts passed?

1767

What did the Townshend Acts do?

Taxed glass, paint and allowed the British to search the colonists’ homes without evidence.

What were the reactions from the Townshend Acts?

Led to boycotts, more violence, and the Massachusetts Circular Letter

When was the Boston Massacre?

1770

What happened during the Boston Massacre?

Britain sent more troops which led to an open-fire on protesting colonists, resulting in the death of 5.

What were the reactions from the Boston Massacre?

It angered the colonists and was used to create sympathy among the public, which spread the talk of war.

When did the Committees of Correspondence take place?

1772

What happened in the Committiees of Correspondence?

They discussed about Boston’s position on issues to the other colonies

What was the response of establishing the Committees of Correspondence?

Similar committees were soon created throughout the colonies.

When was the Tea Act passed?

1773

What did the Tea Act do?

It allowed only one company to sell tea at a lower price which hurt colonial merchants.

What were the reactions from the Tea Act?

The colonists felt the British were interfering with their business.

When did the Boston Tea Party take place?

1773

What happened during the Boston Tea Party?

Colonists dumped tea into the Boston Harbor as a protest of the Tea Act.

What were the reactions from the Boston Tea party?

It led to the intolerable acts.

When were the Intolerable Acts passed?

1774

What did the Intolerable Acts do?

British passed four new laws, closed the harbor, and passed a new Quartering Act as punishments for the tea lost in the Boston Tea Party.

What were the reactions from the Intolerable Acts?

Colonists decided to protest, which led to the First Continental Congres.

When did the First Continental Congress take place?

1774

What happened during the First Continental Congress?

Representatives from all colonies except Georgia met in Philadelphia. They wrote the Declaration of Rights and planned a boycott of British goods.

What were the reactions from the First Continental Congress?

Britain sent more soldiers to the colonies and arrested a few colonial leaders.

When did the Battles of Lexington and Concord take place?

1775

What happened during the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

The British seized colonial gunpowder in Concord

What happened as a result of the Battles of Lexington and Concord?

The Revolutionary War officially began.

When did the French and Indian War take place?

1754-1763

Where did the French and Indian War take place?

The Ohio River Valley

What were the British and French fighting over in the French and Indian War?

Ohio River Valley’s abundant resources.

What caused the French and Indian War?

Land disputes along the ohio river valley

Who won the French and Indian War? How did it end?

The British won and it ended with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.

What was Pontiac’s Rebellion?

A native American leader, Pontiac, led a rebellion against the government in an attempt to exterminate them from their rightful lands but was unsuccessful in overcoming the strong defenses of Fort Detroit despite a five-month blockade.

What was the French POV in the French and Indian War?

The British are acquiring more land than what is rightfully theirs.

What was the British POV in the French and Indian War?

The French are not using the land for the better, our soldiers actually have needs.

What was the Native American POV in the French and Indian War?

The land is rightfully ours, and the British are greedy, forcing us off our land, so we will fight alongside the French.

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the British army?

They had a well-trained and equipped force with a strong navy but struggled with supply lines and outdated tactics, so it took months for orders to reach the colonies from London.

What were the strengths and weaknesses of the Continental army?

They fought on familiar terrain and was highly motivated but lacked resources and training. Their government was also poor, so the French supplied them with gunpowder and financial aid.

What are the 4 parts of the Declaration of Independence?

1. Preamble

2. Rights

3. Grievances

4. Declaration

What was the Preamble about?

Reasons to break away

What were the Rights?

Life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness

What were the Grievances?

List of complains from the colonists against the British government.

What was the Declaration about?

They are now a free and independent nation.

When was the AoC written? And by whom?

1777, by John Dickinson

When was the AoC accepted by the states? What was its significance?

1781, it was the first national constitution

What did the AoC do?

Created permanent union among the 13 colonies and developed an independent nation of the USA.

What were the strengths of the AoC?

Had the power to declare war and peace, print money, make treaties, and settle disputes.

What were the weaknesses of the AoC?

Congress had no power to tax or regulate trade, which meant they had no money. Laws had to be approved by 9-13 states and amendments had to be approved by all 13 states, which made it difficult to change laws. The rights of the US citizens were not protected, and they couldn’t enforce laws, so no one listened to them, which led to a lack of unity. Also, no matter the size, only one vote was allowed for each state.

What did the NWO do?

It outlined a plan for applying for statehood to Western territories and the orderly expansion of the US. The law established a temporary government for the Northwest Territory and provided a way for new states to be created.

What did the NWO result in?

No slavery, good education, freedom of religion, trial by jury, property rights, and fair treatment.

How was the NW territory divided?

“Not less than three nor more than five States"

What was the three-stage method for admitting a new state, according to the NWO?

Appointment of a governor, secretary, and judges. Election of an assembly and a non-voting delegate to Congress, and then the drafting of a state constitution and request for admission to the nation.

Where and when did Shays’ Rebellion take place?

Western Massachusetts, August 1786 - February 1787

What did Shays’ Rebellion prove?

How weak the AoC was but it promoted national leaders to create a stronger central government.

Why did Shays’ Rebellion take place?

Many people were in debt after the war and the government didn’t help. Instead, they seized land and put them in jail. This angered the people, leading to a rebellion.

Who led Shays’ Rebellion?

Daniel Shays, a former captain in the Continental Army and bankrupt farmer.

What did Shays’ Rebellion do?

Forced state courts to close and free debtors from prison.

What was the outcome of Shays’ Rebellion?

Massachusetts strengthened their army and suppressed the rebellion under the command of General Benjamin Lincoln. The militia defending the state arsenal opened fire on the rebels, resulting in the death of four farmers. When General Lincoln's troops arrived, they officially ended the rebellion.

Indifference meaning

lack of interest, apathy

Plight meaning

unfortunate situation, difficulty