History Test

Mechanization

Widespread adoption of machinery.

Gilded Age

Period in American history of economic growth, industrialization, and wealth inequality.

Industrialization

Transform from agriculture to manufacturing.

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural to urban areas.

Immigration

Mass migration of immigrants from Europe and Asia in search of jobs, often severely underpaid.

Progressive Era

Growth of economy, industrialization, urbanization, etc.

Sherman Antitrust Law

Law that makes horizontal immigration illegal.

Laissez-faire economics

Government wanted nothing to do with increasing inequality in businesses, resulting in a lack of competition and underpaid laborers.

Government regulation

Didn’t exist, leading to terrible working conditions and causing monopolies.

Entrepreneurs

People like Carnegie and Rockefeller who built their way up, often referred to as "robber barons."

Corporation

Paid their workers the lowest wages and used outrageous advertising to attract customers.

Monopoly

Complete control of a product or service.

Political Machine

Controlled the activities of a political party.

Political Boss

Head of the political machine.

Imperialism

European nations seek colonies for power.

Spanish-American War

Declared when the US thought Spain blew up their ships; led to Cuba's liberation and the annexation of the Philippines, Guatemala, and Puerto Rico.

Open Door Policy

US policy allowing free trade by any nation in any port in China.

Roosevelt Corollary

Added to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the US has police powers to protect Latin America from European imperialism.

Big Stick Diplomacy

An act of threatening to achieve one's goals.

Isolationism

Policy of remaining uninvolved with the affairs of other groups or countries.

Women Suffrage

Movement advocating for women's right to vote.

Women’s involvement in reform movements

Carrie Chapman Catt vs. Alice Paul.

Vertical Integration

Buying things before and after your industry.

Horizontal Integration

Buying all the competition in your industry.

World War I

Reasons include militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, and eventually America.

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

Rations

Government urged US citizens to minimize food consumption to provide for the army.

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone.

Lusitania

British passenger ship attacked by Germany, provoking American anger.

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance and encouraging attack on the US.

Selective Service Act 1917

The draft requiring healthy men over 18 to serve in the military.

Espionage Act 1917

Provided penalties for making false statements or aiding the enemy.

Sedition Act 1918

Forbade criticism of the government, flag, or military uniform.

Red Scare

Fear of communist conspiracies to start a revolution in America.

Palmer Raids

FBI established by Palmer to find communists, targeting foreigners.

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case regarding the arrest of Charles Schenck for anti-draft pamphlets.

Trench Warfare

Tactic involving deep ditches where opposing forces awaited attacks.

18th Amendment

Constitutional ban on alcohol production and distribution.

19th Amendment

Guarantees women the right to vote.

21st Amendment

Repeal of prohibition established by the 18th Amendment.

The Treaty of Versailles

Agreement assigning blame for WWI to Germany and demanding reparations.

Wilson’s 14 Points

Wilson's attempt for lasting peace, including self-determination and a League of Nations.

The League of Nations

An organization intended to promote peace, disapproved by the US Congress.

Teddy Roosevelt

Used Big Stick Diplomacy and added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.