History Test

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45 Terms

1

Mechanization

Widespread adoption of machinery.

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2

Gilded Age

Period in American history of economic growth, industrialization, and wealth inequality.

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3

Industrialization

Transform from agriculture to manufacturing.

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4

Urbanization

Movement of people from rural to urban areas.

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5

Immigration

Mass migration of immigrants from Europe and Asia in search of jobs, often severely underpaid.

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6

Progressive Era

Growth of economy, industrialization, urbanization, etc.

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7

Sherman Antitrust Law

Law that makes horizontal immigration illegal.

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8

Laissez-faire economics

Government wanted nothing to do with increasing inequality in businesses, resulting in a lack of competition and underpaid laborers.

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9

Government regulation

Didn’t exist, leading to terrible working conditions and causing monopolies.

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10

Entrepreneurs

People like Carnegie and Rockefeller who built their way up, often referred to as "robber barons."

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11

Corporation

Paid their workers the lowest wages and used outrageous advertising to attract customers.

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12

Monopoly

Complete control of a product or service.

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13

Political Machine

Controlled the activities of a political party.

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14

Political Boss

Head of the political machine.

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15

Imperialism

European nations seek colonies for power.

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16

Spanish-American War

Declared when the US thought Spain blew up their ships; led to Cuba's liberation and the annexation of the Philippines, Guatemala, and Puerto Rico.

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17

Open Door Policy

US policy allowing free trade by any nation in any port in China.

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18

Roosevelt Corollary

Added to the Monroe Doctrine, stating that the US has police powers to protect Latin America from European imperialism.

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19

Big Stick Diplomacy

An act of threatening to achieve one's goals.

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20

Isolationism

Policy of remaining uninvolved with the affairs of other groups or countries.

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21

Women Suffrage

Movement advocating for women's right to vote.

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22

Women’s involvement in reform movements

Carrie Chapman Catt vs. Alice Paul.

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23

Vertical Integration

Buying things before and after your industry.

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24

Horizontal Integration

Buying all the competition in your industry.

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25

World War I

Reasons include militarism, alliances, imperialism, and nationalism.

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26

Allied Powers

Great Britain, France, Belgium, Italy, Russia, and eventually America.

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27

Central Powers

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and the Ottoman Empire.

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28

Rations

Government urged US citizens to minimize food consumption to provide for the army.

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29

Unrestricted Submarine Warfare

Germany declared the area around the British Isles a war zone.

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30

Lusitania

British passenger ship attacked by Germany, provoking American anger.

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31

Zimmerman Telegram

Telegram from Germany to Mexico proposing an alliance and encouraging attack on the US.

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32

Selective Service Act 1917

The draft requiring healthy men over 18 to serve in the military.

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33

Espionage Act 1917

Provided penalties for making false statements or aiding the enemy.

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34

Sedition Act 1918

Forbade criticism of the government, flag, or military uniform.

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35

Red Scare

Fear of communist conspiracies to start a revolution in America.

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36

Palmer Raids

FBI established by Palmer to find communists, targeting foreigners.

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37

Schenck v. United States

Supreme Court case regarding the arrest of Charles Schenck for anti-draft pamphlets.

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38

Trench Warfare

Tactic involving deep ditches where opposing forces awaited attacks.

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39

18th Amendment

Constitutional ban on alcohol production and distribution.

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40

19th Amendment

Guarantees women the right to vote.

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41

21st Amendment

Repeal of prohibition established by the 18th Amendment.

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42

The Treaty of Versailles

Agreement assigning blame for WWI to Germany and demanding reparations.

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43

Wilson’s 14 Points

Wilson's attempt for lasting peace, including self-determination and a League of Nations.

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44

The League of Nations

An organization intended to promote peace, disapproved by the US Congress.

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45

Teddy Roosevelt

Used Big Stick Diplomacy and added the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine.

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