AP World Review

Confucianism

Philosophy that emphasizes hierarchy and the importance of a merit-based civil service system in Song China.

Imperial Bureaucracy

A system of appointed officials who carried out the policies of the emperor in Song China, expanded during the Song dynasty.

Champa Rice

A fast-maturing rice variety that contributed to economic flourishing in Song China.

Dar-al-Islam

Cultural region formed by new Islamic political entities like the Delhi Sultanate and Mamluk Sultanate.

Jizya

A tax levied on non-Muslims in the Delhi Sultanate that encouraged conversion to Islam.

Tribute System

A method used by the Aztecs to extract payments from conquered territories, reflecting decentralization.

Great Zimbabwe

An African state that prospered through trade, notably in gold, and was part of the Indian Ocean trade network.

Decentralized Monarchies

European states characterized by feudalism and the absence of a large empire, governed by local lords.

Silk Roads

Trade routes mainly for luxury goods that facilitated cultural and economic exchange.

Champa Rice Introduction

The introduction of Champa rice led to increased agricultural productivity in China.

Cultural Diffusion

The exchange and spread of ideas, beliefs, and technologies through trade networks.

Mongol Empire

Created the largest land-based empire in history, facilitating trade and cultural exchange across Eurasia.

Gunpowder Empires

Empires that expanded using gunpowder weapons, including the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals.

Casta System

A hierarchical social structure imposed by the Spanish in the Americas based on race.

Columbian Exchange

The transfer of plants, animals, people, and diseases between the Americas and Europe.

Mercantilism

An economic system aimed at accumulating wealth through trade, leading to competition among European states.

Joint-Stock Companies

Businesses that allowed investors to share the risks and profits of voyages and colonies.

Encomienda System

A coerced labor system used by the Spanish, compelling indigenous people to work on plantations.

Stono Rebellion

A slave uprising in South Carolina in 1739, representing resistance against oppressive systems.

Scientific Revolution

The shift from belief to empirical data in European thought, prompting reforms and revolutions.

Abolitionism

The movement to end the slave trade and slavery, influenced by Enlightenment ideals.

Laissez-faire

An economic philosophy advocating for minimal government intervention in the market.