Development Urinary and Reproductive Tracts

What is the nephrogenic cord?

The precursor to kidney development.

What are the three stages of kidney development?

Pronephros, mesonephros, and metanephros.

What is the pronephros?

The first, non-functional kidney stage.

What is the mesonephros?

The second, partially functional kidney stage.

What is the metanephros?

The third, fully functional kidney stage.

What is the role of the ureteric bud in kidney development?

Initiates branching to form collecting ducts.

What is the metanephric blastema?

Forms nephrons in the metanephros.

What is the development of the bladder?

Forms from the urogenital sinus.

What is the development of the urethra?

Forms from the urogenital sinus.

What are the main differences in kidney structure among domestic animals?

Unilobar in dogs and cats, multilobar in pigs and ruminants.

How do the kidneys of horses differ from those of other domestic animals?

Larger and more complex.

What is the development of the female reproductive tract?

Forms from the Müllerian ducts.

What is the Müllerian duct?

Develops into the oviduct, uterus, cervix, and upper vagina.

What is the development of the male reproductive tract?

Forms from the Wolffian ducts.

What is the Wolffian duct?

Develops into the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicles.

What is the role of the SRY gene in sex determination?

Stimulates testis development.

What is the indifferent gonad?

The early stage of gonad development before differentiation.

What are primordial germ cells?

Cells that give rise to gametes.

What is the process of testicular descent?

Movement of testes from abdominal cavity to scrotum.

What is the gubernaculum?

A ligament involved in testicular descent.

What is gastrulation?

Formation of three germ layers: ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm.

What is neurulation?

Formation of the neural tube from the ectoderm.

What is somitogenesis?

Formation of somites from mesoderm.

What is the role of embryonic folding in morphogenesis?

Shapes the body form.

What are congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT)?

Include renal agenesis and dysplasia.