Lab Practical

WORM

A segmented invertebrate belonging to the phylum Annelida.

Anterior

The front or head end of the worm.

Posterior

The back or tail end of the worm.

Ventral side

The flatter, lighter side of the worm.

Dorsal side

The rounded, darker side of the worm.

Crop

A thin storage sac before the gizzard, used for storing food and soil.

Gizzard

The muscular organ behind the crop that digests food and grinds soil particles.

Intestine

The long tube from gizzard to anus where digestion and nutrient absorption occur.

Clitellum

A bulgy white section on the skin that secretes mucus and forms a cocoon for fertilized eggs.

Setae

Hairlike structures on the ventral side that aid in movement and burrowing.

Metanephridia

Pairs of small curved tubes that collect urine and waste.

Seminal vesicles

Cream colored sacs in the anterior region where sperm is produced.

Hearts

Five dark, muscular loops that pump oxygenated blood to the body.

Countershading

A form of camouflage where the dorsal side is darker and ventral side is lighter.

Grasshopper

An insect belonging to the order Orthoptera, characterized by jumping legs.

Hindwings

Larger transparent wings used for powered flight and gliding.

Forewings

Narrow wings that protect the hindwings.

Tympanic membrane

A membrane that vibrates in response to sound waves for hearing.

Jumping legs

Large legs that store energy for quick and high jumps.

Antennae

Jointed structures on the head that detect smell and sense the environment.

Gastric caecum

Finger-like structures that secrete digestive enzymes and absorb nutrients.

Compound eyes

Eyes made of multiple lenses to detect motion and light intensity.

Spiracles

Pores on the abdomen used for gas exchange.

Malpighian tubules

Thread-like organs that extract nitrogenous waste from blood.

Body regions

Segments of the grasshopper categorized into head, thorax, and abdomen.

Ovary

Organ where eggs are produced in females.

Crayfish

A freshwater crustacean known for its large claws.

Antennae

Long appendages used for sensing the environment.

Chelipeds

The first pair of legs with claws used for defense and grabbing prey.

Gills

Respiratory structures that extract oxygen from water.

Telson

The last segment of the crayfish's abdomen used for escape and excretion.

Carapace

The hard protective outer covering of the crayfish.

Intestine

The part of the digestive system that processes indigestible materials.

Fish

Aquatic vertebrates with gills that breathe oxygen in water.

Operculum

The flap that protects the gills and helps in breathing.

Lateral line

A sensory organ that detects vibrations in water.

Nares

The openings for smelling, located between the mouth and eyes.

Heart

The two-chambered organ that pumps deoxygenated blood to the gills.

Kidney

An organ that filters waste and regulates body fluids.

Rat

A small, typically brown or gray rodent, widely regarded as a pest.

Vibrissae

Whiskers on the rat used for sensory perception.

Diaphragm

A muscle that helps in breathing by contracting and expanding.

Liver

An organ that produces bile and filters toxins from the blood.

Small intestine

The organ where most digestion and nutrient absorption occurs.

Large intestine

The organ that absorbs water and forms waste for excretion.

Frog

An amphibian that typically has a moist, smooth skin and strong hind limbs.

Tympanic membrane

The membrane that detects sound vibrations.

Nictitating membrane

The membrane that protects and moistens the eye.

Gallbladder

An organ that stores bile produced by the liver.

Cloaca

A common exit point for digestive and reproductive waste.

Kingdom Animalia

The kingdom that includes all multicellular and heterotrophic animals.

Phylum Chordata

The phylum of animals that have a notochord, dorsal nerve cord, and pharyngeal slits.

Types of symmetry

Describes body plans: asymmetrical, radial, and bilateral symmetry.

Ectoderm

The outer layer of cells in an animal's body during development.

Coelomate

Animals with a fluid-filled body cavity formed within the mesoderm.