Muscular System Section 2

muscle

Tissue that consists of cells that contract; bundles, sheets, or rings of parallel muscle fibers that contract and relax to produce movement.

cartilage

A rubber-like padding that covers and protects the ends of bones, provides structure to the rib cage, and helps give shape to the ears and nose.

tendon

A band of strong fibrous tissue that attaches muscles to the bones.

fascia

A sheet of fibrous connective tissue that wraps muscle.

skeletal muscle

Muscle that is directly or indirectly connected to bone and controlled by conscious thought.

smooth muscle

A smooth, involuntary muscle located in the walls of hollow organs and blood vessels.

cardiac muscle

A specialized, involuntary muscle only found in the heart.

involuntary muscle

Muscles under the control of the subconscious regions of the brain.

abduction

The movement away from the midline of the body.

adduction

The drawing toward the midline of the body.

kinesiology

The study of movement.

myalgia

Muscle pain.

hypertrophy

Excessive development/increase in muscle bulk as a result of use.

muscular dystrophy

A group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system.

tenorrhaphy

To suture a tendon.

muscle relaxants

Medication prescribed to relieve muscle spasms.

tendonitis

Inflammation of a tendon.

dyskinesia

Having difficult or abnormal movement.

bradykinesia

Having slow movement, as in the elderly.

hypokinesia

having an insufficient amount of movement.

hyperkinesia

having an excessive amount of movement.

dyskinesia

having difficult or abnormal movement.

muscular dystrophy

a group of inherited diseases that are characterized by weakness and atrophy of muscle without involvement of the nervous system; leads to a progressive disability and loss of strength.

adhesion

scar tissue forming in the fascia surrounding a muscle, making it difficult to stretch the muscle.

contracture

abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, and fascia, making it difficult to stretch a muscle.

dystonia

having abnormal muscle tone.

myalgia

muscle pain.

myasthenia

muscle weakness.

tenorrhaphy

to suture a tendon.