Fundamental Midterm
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78 Terms
Nursing Process
What are the five steps of the nursing process? (Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation - ADPIE)
Vital Signs
What are the normal ranges for vital signs? (Temp: 97.8-99.1°F, HR: 60-100 bpm, RR: 12-20 breaths/min, BP: 120/80 mmHg, SpO2: 95-100%)
Assessment Techniques
What are the four basic assessment techniques? (Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation)
Abdomen Assessment Order
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen? (Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation - IAPP)
Isotonic IV Fluids
What are isotonic IV fluids used for? (Dehydration, blood loss - NS, LR, D5W)
Hypertonic IV Fluids
What type of IV fluid pulls water out of the cells and is used for edema or hyponatremia? (Hypertonic - D10W, 3% NS)
Airborne Precautions PPE
What PPE is required for airborne precautions? (N95 mask, negative pressure room - e.g., TB, measles, chickenpox)
Standard vs. Contact Precautions
What is the difference between standard and contact precautions? (Standard = gloves for bodily fluids, Contact = gloves + gown - MRSA, C. diff)
Interventions for Hypotension
How do you intervene for hypotension? (Give fluids, elevate legs, check for bleeding or dehydration)
Interventions for Tachycardia
What should you do if a patient has tachycardia? (Assess the cause - pain, fever, anxiety - and treat the underlying issue)
SOAP Documentation
What does SOAP stand for in documentation? (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan)
DAR Documentation
What type of charting focuses on Data, Action, and Response?
REM Sleep Functions
What happens during REM sleep? (Dreaming, cognitive function, memory processing)
Deep Sleep Stages
Which sleep stages are considered deep sleep? (Stages 3 & 4 - healing and growth)
mL in an Ounce
How many mL are in 1 oz?
Mediated Intake Calculation
A patient drank 2 cups of water. How many mL is this? (480 mL - 1 cup = 240 mL)
Maslow’s Hierarchy Levels
(Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization)
Sentinel Events
(An unexpected event causing serious harm or death - e.g., wrong-site surgery, falls, medication errors)
Types of Restraints
(Physical, chemical, environmental)
Restraint Check Frequency
How often must a nurse check circulation when using restraints? (Every 2 hours)
RACE in Fire Safety
(Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish)
CPR Compression-to-Breath Ratio
(30 compressions to 2 breaths)
Common Opioid Side Effects
(Respiratory depression, constipation)
Diuretics Risk
major risk (Hypokalemia - low potassium)
PQRST in Pain Assessment
(Provokes, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time)
Gate Control Theory
What pain theory explains why rubbing a painful area can reduce pain?
A: Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE)
Q: What are the five steps of the nursing process?
A: Temp: 97.8-99.1°F, HR: 60-100 bpm, RR: 12-20 breaths/min, BP: 120/80 mmHg, SpO2: 95-100%.
Q: What are the normal ranges for vital signs?
A: Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation.
Q: What are the four basic assessment techniques?
A: Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation (IAPP).
Q: What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?
A: Dehydration, blood loss (NS, LR, D5W).
Q: What are isotonic IV fluids used for?
A: Hypertonic (D10W, 3% NS).
Q: What type of IV fluid pulls water out of the cells and is used for edema or hyponatremia?
A: N95 mask, negative pressure room (e.g., TB, measles, chickenpox).
Q: What PPE is required for airborne precautions?
A: Standard = gloves for bodily fluids, Contact = gloves + gown (MRSA, C. diff).
Q: What is the difference between standard and contact precautions?
A: Give fluids, elevate legs, check for bleeding or dehydration.
Q: How do you intervene for hypotension?
A: Assess the cause (pain, fever, anxiety) and treat the underlying issue.
Q: What should you do if a patient has tachycardia?
A: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
Q: What does SOAP stand for in documentation?
A: DAR documentation.
Q: What type of charting focuses on Data, Action, and Response?
A: Dreaming, cognitive function, memory processing.
Q: What happens during REM sleep?
A: Stages 3 & 4 (healing and growth).
Q: Which sleep stages are considered deep sleep?
A: 30 mL.
Q: How many mL are in 1 oz?
A: 480 mL (1 cup = 240 mL).
Q: A patient drank 2 cups of water. How many mL is this?
A: Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.
Q: What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy?
A: An unexpected event causing serious harm or death (e.g., wrong-site surgery, falls, medication errors).
Q: What is a sentinel event?
A: Physical, chemical, environmental.
Q: What are the three types of restraints?
A: Every 2 hours.
Q: How often must a nurse check circulation when using restraints?
A: Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish.
Q: What does RACE stand for in fire safety?
A: 30 compressions to 2 breaths.
Q: What is the compression-to-breath ratio for CPR?
A: Respiratory depression, constipation.
Q: What are the common side effects of opioids?
A: Hypokalemia (low potassium).
Q: What is a major risk of diuretics?
A: Provokes, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time.
Q: What does PQRST stand for in pain assessment?
A: Gate Control Theory.
Q: What pain theory explains why rubbing a painful area can reduce pain?
What are the five steps of the nursing process?
Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, Evaluation (ADPIE).
What are the normal ranges for vital signs?
Temp: 97.8-99.1°F, HR: 60-100 bpm, RR: 12-20 breaths/min, BP: 120/80 mmHg, SpO2: 95-100%.
What are the four basic assessment techniques?
Inspection, Palpation, Percussion, Auscultation.
What is the order of assessment for the abdomen?
Inspection, Auscultation, Percussion, Palpation (IAPP).
What are isotonic IV fluids used for?
Dehydration, blood loss (NS, LR, D5W).
What type of IV fluid pulls water out of the cells and is used for edema or hyponatremia?
Hypertonic (D10W, 3% NS).
What PPE is required for airborne precautions?
N95 mask, negative pressure room (e.g., TB, measles, chickenpox).
What is the difference between standard and contact precautions?
Standard = gloves for bodily fluids, Contact = gloves + gown (MRSA, C. diff).
How do you intervene for hypotension?
Give fluids, elevate legs, check for bleeding or dehydration.
What should you do if a patient has tachycardia?
Assess the cause (pain, fever, anxiety) and treat the underlying issue.
What does SOAP stand for in documentation?
Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan.
What type of charting focuses on Data, Action, and Response?
DAR documentation.
What happens during REM sleep?
Dreaming, cognitive function, memory processing.
Which sleep stages are considered deep sleep?
Stages 3 & 4 (healing and growth).
How many mL are in 1 oz?
30 mL.
A patient drank 2 cups of water. How many mL is this?
480 mL (1 cup = 240 mL).
What are the five levels of Maslow’s hierarchy?
Physiological, Safety, Love/Belonging, Esteem, Self-Actualization.
What is a sentinel event?
An unexpected event causing serious harm or death (e.g., wrong-site surgery, falls, medication errors).
What are the three types of restraints?
Physical, chemical, environmental.
How often must a nurse check circulation when using restraints?
Every 2 hours.
What does RACE stand for in fire safety?
Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish.
What is the compression-to-breath ratio for CPR?
30 compressions to 2 breaths.
What are the common side effects of opioids?
Respiratory depression, constipation.
What is a major risk of diuretics?
Hypokalemia (low potassium).
What does PQRST stand for in pain assessment?
Provokes, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Time.
What pain theory explains why rubbing a painful area can reduce pain?
Gate Control Theory.