part 2 (1800s)

What year did German and Italian unification culminate?

1871

Who was the leader associated with German unification?

Otto von Bismarck

What was the strategy used by Bismarck in German unification?

Realpolitik

What war was a key conflict leading to German unification?

Franco-Prussian War

Who were the key figures in Italian unification?

Giuseppe Garibaldi and Count Camillo de Cavour

In which country did the Industrial Revolution begin?

Britain

What caused the population boom during the Industrial Revolution?

New farm technology leading to cheaper food.

What resources were significant to Britain's Industrial Revolution?

Iron and coal.

What were two key inventions of the Industrial Revolution?

Spinning Jenny and Steam Engine.

What significant societal change occurred for women during the Industrial Revolution?

Women entered the workforce in factories.

What environmental issue arose in cities during the Industrial Revolution?

Overcrowding and disease.

What did workers begin to form during the Industrial Revolution?

Labor unions.

What economic system is characterized by laissez-faire economics?

Capitalism.

What is the core ownership principle of capitalism?

Private ownership of the means of production.

Who is the founder of communism?

Karl Marx.

What is the core idea of communism?

Class struggle between bourgeoisie and proletariat.

What is the predicted outcome of communism according to Karl Marx?

Proletarian revolution and equal sharing of wealth.

What does imperialism entail?

One country controlling another politically and economically.

What was the 'Scramble for Africa'?

European powers dividing Africa at the Berlin Conference.

What raw materials were sought during New Imperialism?

Coal, iron, diamonds, rubber.

What concept justified imperialism through perceived racial superiority?

Social Darwinism.

What is 'The White Man's Burden'?

The belief that Europeans had to spread their culture to colonized peoples.

Which country colonized India?

Britain.

What resources did Britain seek in India?

Cotton, tea, and opium.

What was the major resistance movement in India against British rule?

Sepoy Rebellion.

What conflicts did China face during the period of imperialism?

Opium Wars.

What were the outcomes of the Opium Wars for China?

Unequal treaties and spheres of influence.

What was the Boxer Rebellion in China?

A resistance movement against foreign influence.

How was Japan opened to the world in 1854?

By the United States with the Treaty of Kanagawa.

What was the Meiji Restoration?

A period of rapid westernization, modernization, and industrialization in Japan.

What did Japan become by the early 20th century?

An imperial power.