AP Psychology Unit 11

Intelligence and Testing

Intelligence

Description of your capacity to think and react

Ratio IQ

Measured by taking mental age divided by chronological age then multiplying by 100, the ration of your mental to your physical age

Validity

Standard of whether the test measures what is purported to measure

Predictive Validity

test should measure how you will do in the future

Concurrent Validity

Whether or not the test measures both the content required and predictive abilities

Face Validity

measure of how the test takers view the exam

Reliability

How dependable the measure is

Test-Retest Reliability

Ensuring you get close to the same results if the test is taken again

Alternate-Forms Reliability

Ensures that a different version of the same test will yield the same results

Inter-Rater Reliability

The score will be the same no matter who grades it

Content Validity

Whether the test measures how much you know about a specific subject matter or skill

Standardization

Ensuring that all test takers are given the same exam environment, amount of time, materials, instruction, etc

Normative Scores

Help you compare your raw score with the average score for all test takers

G-Factor

Single Factor that pervades all of your thinking abilities

Fluid intelligence

Our ability to problem solve and learn new skills

Crystallized Intelligence

Knowledge that we build up over our lifetime

Analytic Intelligence

Measure of your ability to compare, evaluate, and analyze

Creative Intelligence

Measure of how well you come up with new ideas and solutions, measure of your innovative skills

Practical Intelligence

Street smarts, measure of how you are able to apply your knowledge and how you cope with situations and people around you

Heritability

extent to which a trait is transmitted through genes

Flynn Effect

Yearly rise of IQ scores in the 20th century

David wechsler

This person said that intelligence is the global capacity of the individual to act purposefully, to think rationally, and to deal effectively with his environment

Sir Francis Galton (1883)

English Psychometrician who said that intelligence is related to the capacity for labor and sensitivity to physical stimuli

Tested based on hand squeeze strength, reaction time, and sensitivity to pinpricks

Found no correlation between Galton's tests and academic sucess

Stanfor-Binet Intelligence test

Measures of adults and children to test their mental age

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Test based on variety of measures including verbal comprehension, pattern design, letter and number sequences, and block image assembly. Gives 3 types of scores: verbal, performance, and overall

Aptitude Tests

measure potential

Validity, Reliability, Standardization, Norms

The 4 standards for tests

Charles Spearman

This person describes a more general measure of intelligence that is not based on how much you have learned or what you have memorized

L.L. Thurstone

This person said that general intelligence is made up of 7 primary mental abilities: Verbal comprehension, Verbal fluency, Inductive reasoning, Spatial visualization, Numbers, Memory, Perceptual speed

Raymond Cattell

Created a theory based around Crystallized and Fluid intelligence

Robert Sternberg

This person came up with the Triarchic theory of intelligence: Analytic, Creative, and Practical

Theory of Multiple Intelligences

there are several different intelligences that we may excel in

Linguistics

Language and writing

Logical/mathematical

Number sense

Visual/spatial

Design and shapes

Musical

Instruments and singing

Bodily/kinesthetic

Dancing or sports

inter-personal

talking and working with others

intra-personal

understanding your own feelings

naturalist

recognizing and understanding patterns in nature and ecology

prenatal healthcare and vitamins

give babies a healthier start in development

can boost intelligence

enriched environment

can hinder intelligence

deprived environment

Intellectual Disabilities/Mental Retardation

When an individual has IQ under 70 as well as low self-care and adaptive abilities
often have poor prenatal care or lack of intellectual stimulation

Giftedness

kids with over 130 IQ