Intro to Anatomy

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Anatomical features

Representation of properties; form follows function.

Osteology

Study of bone structure and treatment of bone disorders.

Skeletal system components

Bone tissue, appendicular skeleton, axial skeleton, joints.

Functions of skeletal system

Support, protection, assistance in movement, mineral homeostasis, blood cell production, triglyceride storage.

Bone tissue

Classified as connective tissue with categories including long, short, flat, and irregular bones.

Bone composition

80% compact (cortical) and 20% spongy (trabecular) tissue.

Bone remodeling

Continuous process of building new bone tissue and breaking down old bone tissue.

Osteoclasts

Cells that dissolve bone proteins and minerals during resorption.

Osteoblasts

Cells that build bone by depositing minerals and collagen fibers.

Bone marrow

Red marrow produces blood cells; yellow marrow stores triglycerides.

Endochondral ossification

Process of replacing cartilage with bone during development.

Wolff’s law

Bone adapts to the loads under which it is placed.

Demineralization

Loss of calcium and minerals from bone, often due to aging.

Anatomical position

Standard position of the body used for reference in anatomy.

Directional terms

Superior, inferior, anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, proximal, distal, superficial, deep.

Pelvic girdle

Composed of hip bones, sacrum, and pubic symphysis.

Hip joint movements

Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, circumduction.

Muscle types

Smooth, cardiac, skeletal; differing in striation, control, and function.

Sliding filament mechanism

Process of muscle contraction where thin filaments slide towards the M line.

Sarcomere components

Z discs, A band, I band, H zone, M line; essential for muscle contraction.