Biology Unit 2 Vocab

Polymers

Polymers

A large molecule consisting of many identical or simialr monomers linked together by covalent bonds

Macromolecules

A giant molecule formed by the joining of smaller molecules,usually by a dehydraton reaction

Isomers

Organic compounds with the same molecular formula but different structures and, therefore different properties

Organic Compound

a chemical compound containing the element carbon and usually the element hydrogen

Dehydration Reaction

A chemical reaction in which two molcules become covertly bonded to each other with the removal of a water molecule

Hydrolysis

A chemical reaction that breaks bond between two molecules by the addition of water

Enzymes

a macromolecule, usually a protein, that serves as a biological catalyst changing the rate of a chemical reaction without being consumed by the reaction

Carbohydrates

Member of the class of biological molecules consisting of single-monomers sugars two monomers sugars and polymers

Starch

A storage polysaccharide in plants; a polymers of glucose

Cellulose

a structural polysaccharide of plant cells walls composed of glucose monomers

Chitin

A structural polysaccharide found in many fungal cell walls and in exoskeleton of arthropods

Lipid

An organic compound consisting mainly of carbon and hydrogen atoms linked by non polar covalent bonds, making the compound mostly hydrophobic.

Unsaturated fat acid

A fatty that has one or more double bonds between carbons in the hydrocarbons tail and thus lacks the max number of hydrogen atoms

Saturated Fats

A fatty acid in which all carbons in the hydrocarbon tail are connected by single bonds and the max number of hydrocarbon atoms are attached to the carbon skeleton solidify at room temp

Phospholipid

A lipid made up of glycerol joined to two fatty acids and phosphate group, giving the molecule two non-polar hydrophobic tails and a polar hydrophilic head

Protein

A function biological molecule consisting of one or more polypstides folded into a specific three-dimensional structure

Denaturation

A process in which a protein unravels

Animo Acid

an organic molecule containing a carboxyl group and an animo group

Glycogen

An extensively branched glucose storage polysaccharide found in liver and muscle cells

Nucleic acid

A polymer consisting of many nucleotide monomers; serves as a blueprint for proteins and, through the actions of proteins for all cellular structures and activities

Polypeptide

A polymer of animo acid linked by peptide bonds