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Reagan Coalition
various groups, including more conservative democrats and the working class, who came together to support Reagan's policies on issues such as tax cuts, deregulation, and a robust national defense.
Liberalism vs. conservatism
liberals: generally supported government intervention in the economy and social issues such as civil rights and environmental protection conservatives: favored limited government involvement in the economy and social issues, and emphasized individual responsibility and traditional values.
Social safety net
a collection of programs and policies that are designed to provide assistance and support to individuals and families who are experiencing financial hardship or other forms of social disadvantage (ex. unemployment insurance, food assistance, housing subsidies, and healthcare coverage, among others)
New Right
characterized by a conservative ideology that emphasizes individualism, free markets, and limited government intervention in the economy
Mikhail Gorbachev
a Soviet politician of the Soviet Union, known for his policies of perestroika and glasnost, his leadership lead to the end of the Cold War
glasnost
the policy of openness and transparency implemented in the Soviet Union in the 1980s under the leadership of Mikhail Gorbachev
perestroika
aimed to reform the Soviet economy and political system by introducing elements of capitalism and democracy (means “restructuring” in Russian)
Sandinistas
a socialist political party and revolutionary movement in Nicaragua that overthrew the dictatorship and governed the country until 1990.
Reaganomics
economic policies implemented that were characterized by a focus on reducing government spending, lowering taxes, and deregulating industries, ideally to stimulate economic growth and create jobs by increasing investment and productivity
Economic Recovery Tax Act of 1981
a law passed by the U.S. Congress that was designed to stimulate economic growth by cutting taxes, particularly for businesses and high
“Evil Empire”
used by US President Ronald Reagan in a speech in 1983 to describe the Soviet Union, which he believed was a threat to freedom and democracy
Military spending in the 1980s
Reagan administration implemented a policy of "peace through strength," which led to a buildup of the military and increased defense spending
Strategic Defense Initiative (“Star Wars”)
proposed missile defense system by the United States during the Cold War that aimed to use ground and space
Iran Contra Affair
a political scandal that involved the secret sale of weapons to Iran, which was under an arms embargo, in exchange for hostages and the diversion of the proceeds to fund Contra rebels in Nicaragua
Yuppies
short for "young urban professionals", a cultural phenomenon characterized by their affluent lifestyles, career
Migration to Sun Belt
primarily due to the region's warm climate, booming economy, and job opportunities in industries such as technology, aerospace, and defense
HIV/AIDS crisis
a global epidemic that primarily affected the LGBTQ+ community, intravenous drug users, and hemophiliacs, characterized by fear, stigma, and discrimination toward those affected
Crack cocaine epidemic
the widespread surge in the use and distribution in the United States; disproportionately affected low
Fall of Berlin Wall
in 1989, German citizens were distracted, ending communist oppression in Germany
Boris Yeltsin
Russian politician who served as the first president of Russia after the collapse of the Soviets
Saddam Hussein
Iraqi president until removal by the US, invaded Kuwait, leading to the first Gulf War
First Gulf War
sparked by the invasion of Kuwait, Iraq vs. US and many others in order to protect oil
American Involvement in Somalia
provided military and economic assistance to counter Soviet influence
American Involvement in Yugoslavia
provided financial aid to stabilize the economy and avoid the expansion of Soviet control
Good Friday Agreement
declared Nothern Ireland within the UK and remained that way until a majority of residents wished otherwise, creating peace in this region
Ross Perot
independent presidential runner, based in responsibility, government reform, and opposition to free trade agreements
Newt Gingrich
speaker of the house, a prominent conservative voice that faced backlash due to his personal ethics, asked to resign after controversy in his personal life
Contract with America
a political manifesto that outlined tax cuts, welfare reform, and balanced budget amendments
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
reduced trade barriers between US, Canada, and Mexica to create a healthy North America
Clinton impeachment
charges of perjury and obstruction of justice due to lying under oath about his relationship with white house intern Monica Lewinsky
Microsoft and Apple
created more advanced and portable technology and invention of the world wide web
Outsourcing of manufacturing work
changing economy of the late 20th century, less need for factory jobs
2000 presidential election
bush vs. gore, bush was elected despite losing the popular vote; determined by the Supreme Court
Compassionate conservatism
seeks to address issues such as poverty, education, and healthcare through policies that emphasize personal responsibility and community engagement, rather than simply relying on government programs; emphasizes the importance of charitable giving, faith
Ralph Nader
consumer protector and environmental activist, known for criticizing the automobile industry’s reluctance to put safety features in place
Dick Cheney and Karl Rove
political figures most notable for national security and conservative policies
Unabomber
domestic terrorist who carries out a series of bombings over two decades, targeting universities and airlines
Oklahoma City bombing
McVeigh and Nichols (anti
9/11 attacks
attacks on the world trade center and Pentagon killed nearly 3000 people, launched War on Terror
Osama Bin Laden
founder of Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda
terrorist group responsible for 9/11
Taliban
the militant Islamist group that originated in Afghanistan and was temporarily overthrown by the US
Enhanced interrogation tactics
sparked by terrorist attacks of the early 2000s
Patriot Act
declared a closer watch on the American public and free speech (targetted phone calls and internet searches)
Department of Homeland Security
Combines agencies such as immigration and customs, border control, and coast guard to prevent terrorism
Climate change
it’s real!
Hurricane Katrina
a deadly natural disaster that’s amplitude iscredited to climate change effects
Great Recession
the real estate “bubble burst” that was supported by risky mortgages, due to forclosure (solved by billions in government bailout)
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