Chapter 3: Morphology II

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20 Terms

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Morphological tree

A diagram used to represent the internal structure of a word and its morphemes.

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Free morphemes

Words that consist of a single morpheme and can function independently, such as 'red' and 'fly'.

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Affixation

The process of adding affixes (prefixes or suffixes) to a base word to create new words.

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Derivational affixation

A word formation process that changes the meaning or syntactic category of a word by adding a derivational affix.

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Compounding

A process of creating new words by joining two existing words, usually resulting in a new unit with its own meaning.

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Endocentric compounds

Compounds where the meaning is related to the head of the compound, such as 'earthworm'.

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Exocentric compounds

Compounds where the meaning is not derived from the head, such as 'boldface'.

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Reduplication

A word formation process that repeats a free morpheme or part of it to create new words.

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Zero derivation

The process of changing a word's syntactic category without changing its form, for example, 'Google' used as a verb.

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Clipping

The process of shortening a multi-syllabic word by deleting one or more syllables.

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Blending

Creating new words from parts of existing words, like 'brunch' from 'breakfast' and 'lunch'.

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Backformation

The process of creating a new word by removing a supposed morpheme from an existing word.

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Acronyms

Words created from the first letters of other words, pronounced as a single word, like 'NASA'.

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Initialisms

Abbreviations pronounced as a series of letters, such as 'USA'.

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Coinage

The creation of new words from scratch, often related to new inventions or concepts.

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Eponyms

Words that are created from the names of people, such as 'Morse code'.

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Internal change

A process related to inflection where one non-morphemic element is substituted for another.

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Suppletion

The process where a morpheme is replaced by an unrelated phonological form, as seen in 'go' and 'went'.

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Ablaut

A form of internal change involving vowel alternations to indicate grammatical contrasts.

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Morphological ambiguity

The presence of multiple meanings in a word due to its structural configuration.