Chapter 11 - The Cell Cycle

Interphase

________ is comprised of the three successive stages as listed below.

spindle fibers

The ________ have entirely connected to the centromeres of each chromosome during metaphase.

Proto oncogenes

________ drive cell division at a certain rate, similar to how an accelerator drives a car.

Apoptosis

________ is the name given to this type of planned cell death.

BRCA

________ (sometimes known as the "breast cancer gene) "is a tumor suppressor gene mutation.

cleavage furrow

A(n) ________ is generated during cytokinesis in animal cells, which divides the cytoplasm and its contents between the two new cells.

Cytokinesis

________ is the division of the cytoplasm and all of its cellular components into two daughter cells.

cell

When a(n) ________ gets a cancer- causing mutation, apoptosis may be triggered.

metaphase plate

The ________ is the core of the mitotic spindle.

chromosome

Each ________ has one chromatid when the S stage begins.

hormone oxytocin

The ________, for example, increases uterine muscle contractions during labor and childbirth.

nuclear membrane

The ________ melts during prophase, and the chromosomes condense and become visible.

nuclear membrane breaks

The ________ and the chromosomes separate during prophase.

G2

________- During the G2 stage, the cell continues to develop and prepares components for mitosis, such as the proteins that will form the spindle fibers.

Tumor suppressor genes

________ are believed to work recessively because a cell can not develop out of control unless both alleles of a(n) ________ are nonfunctional.

conclusion of anaphase

The cell contains twice as many chromosomes at the ________ as it had at the beginning of the cell cycle.

BRCA

As a person has a(n) ________ mutation, he or she has a significantly elevated chance of developing certain forms of cancer when compared to someone who does not have the gene.

Cytokinesis

________ happens following mitosis.

spindle fibers

Each chromosome separates at its centromere during anaphase when opposing ________ shorten.

Proto oncogenes

________ are required for controlled and regulated cell proliferation.

interphase

During ________, the cell also duplicates its genetic material (DNA)

Tumor suppressor genes

________ encode proteins that detect mutations in cells that may lead to the development of cancers.

Cells

________ may cease dividing when they reach a mature, completely differentiated state or when environmental circumstances are unfavorable for ongoing division.