PSY Ch 8 & 12 - Review Questions

__ is a memory store with a phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, episodic buffer, and a central executive.

working memory

The storage capacity of long-term memory is __.

essentially limitless

The three functions of memory are __.

encoding, storage, and retrieval

This physical trace of memory is known as the __.

engram

An exceptionally clear recollection of an important event is (an) __.

flashbulb memory

__ is when our recollections of the past are done in a self-enhancing manner.

stereotypical bias

Tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon is also known as __.

blocking

The formulation of new memories is sometimes called __, and the process of bringing up old memories is called __.

construction; reconstruction

When you learning how to play the piano, the statement “Every good boy does fine” can help you remember the notes E, G, B, and F for the lines of the treble clef. This is an example of a (an) __.

acrostic

According to a study by Yogo and Fujihara (2008), if you want to improve your short-term memory, you should spend time writing about __.

a traumatic life experience

The self-referencing effect refers to __.

making the material you are trying to memorize personally meaningful to you

Memory aids that help organize information for encoding are __.

mnemonic devices

As a field, social psychology focuses on __ in predicting human behavior.

situational factors

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures is an example of __.

self-serving bias

Collectivistic cultures are to __ as individualistic culture are to __.

situational; dispositional

According to the actor-observer bias, we have more information about __.

influences on our own behavior

A(n) __ is a set of group expectations for appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.

social norm

On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose’s behavior is reflective of __.

a script

When it comes to buying clothes teenagers often follow social norms; this is likely motivated by __.

fitting in

In the Stanford prison experiment, even the lead researcher succumbed to his role as a prison supervisor. This is an example of the power of __ influencing behavior.

social roles

Attitudes describe our __ of people, objects, and ideas.

evaluations

Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of __.

consistency

In order for the central route to persuasion to be effective, the audience must be __ and __.

analytical; motivated

Examples of cues used in peripheral route persuasion include all of the following except __.

factual information

In the Asch experiment, participants conformed due to __ social influence.

normative

Under what conditions will informational social influence be more likely?

d. both b and c

Social loafing occurs when __.

c. both a and b

If group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus, then __ has occurred.

groupthink

Prejudice is to __ as discrimination is to __.

feelings; behavior

Which of the following is not a type of prejudice?

individualism

__ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group’s frustration.

scapegoating

When we seek out information that supports our stereotypes we are engaged in __.

confirmation bias

Typically, bullying from boys is to __ as bullying from girls is to __.

physical harm; emotional harm

Which of the following adolescents is least likely to be targeted for bullying?

the captain of the football team

The bystander effect likely occurs due to __.

diffusion of responsibility

Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior that is motivated by __.

selfless helping of others

After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to become friends with __.

his next door neighbor

What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?

physical attractiveness

According to the triangular theory of love, what type of love is defined by passion and intimacy but no commitment?

romantic love

According to social exchange theory, humans want to maximize the __ and minimize the __ in relationships.

benefits; costs