Pdf pt:1

What is vaccinology?

The science of vaccines and immunization, covering research into vaccines and how they interact with the immune system.

How do vaccines generate immunity?

Vaccines train the immune system to recognize and fight viruses or bacteria through the immune system's natural defense mechanisms.

Which parts of the immune system do vaccines engage?

They engage both innate and adaptive immunity.

What is innate immunity?

The immediate first line of defense that recognizes general pathogen features (e.g., common viral or bacterial structures).

What is adaptive immunity?

A targeted immune response that develops over time by recognizing specific antigens.

Why are adjuvants used in vaccines?

To boost or improve the body's immune response to the vaccine.

Name some basic vaccine categories.

Live attenuated, inactivated killed, subunit, messenger RNA (mRNA), and viral vector vaccines.

What are live attenuated vaccines?

Vaccines that use a weakened version of a pathogen to stimulate strong immune responses.

What are inactivated vaccines?

Vaccines containing pathogens killed by heat or chemical processes to make them safe.

What are subunit vaccines?

Vaccines containing specific pieces of a virus or bacteria (like proteins) rather than the whole pathogen.

What are mRNA vaccines?

Vaccines that deliver genetic instructions for cells to make a viral protein that triggers immunity.

What are viral vector vaccines?

Vaccines that use another harmless virus to deliver genetic material from the target pathogen.

What are the general steps after vaccination?

Antigen recognition → innate activation → adaptive immune activation → memory generation.

What does the adaptive immune system produce during vaccination?

Specific immune responses that remember the pathogen for future protection.

What is the main purpose of vaccination?

To protect the body from infections before exposure by educating the immune system.